Effects of Consuming Xylitol on Gut Microbiota and Lipid Metabolism in Mice

Study information

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study design

laboratory experiment

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

28708089

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.3390/nu9070756

URI Uniform resource identifier for web resources.

Authors

Uebanso T, Kano S, Yoshimoto A, Naito C, Shimohata T, Mawatari K, Takahashi A

Journal

Nutrients

Year

2017

Keywords:

Streptococcus mutans, capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE–MS), caries, cholesterol, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), triglyceride, xylitol

The sugar alcohol xylitol inhibits the growth of some bacterial species including Streptococcus mutans. It is used as a food additive to prevent caries. We previously showed that 1.5-4.0 g/kg body weight/day xylitol as part of a high-fat diet (HFD) improved lipid metabolism in rats. However, the effects of lower daily doses of dietary xylitol on gut microbiota and lipid metabolism are unclear. We examined the effect of 40 and 200 mg/kg body weight/day xylitol intake on gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in mice. Bacterial compositions were characterized by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and targeted real-time PCR. Luminal metabolites were determined by capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Plasma lipid parameters and glucose tolerance were examined. Dietary supplementation with low- or medium-dose xylitol (40 or 194 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively) significantly altered the fecal microbiota composition in mice. Relative to mice not fed xylitol, the addition of medium-dose xylitol to a regular and HFD in experimental mice reduced the abundance of fecal Bacteroidetes phylum and the genus Barnesiella, whereas the abundance of Firmicutes phylum and the genus Prevotella was increased in mice fed an HFD with medium-dose dietary xylitol. Body composition, hepatic and serum lipid parameters, oral glucose tolerance, and luminal metabolites were unaffected by xylitol consumption. In mice, 40 and 194 mg/kg body weight/day xylitol in the diet induced gradual changes in gut microbiota but not in lipid metabolism.

Experiment 1

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Curated date: 2025/07/02

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Subjects

Location of subjects

Japan

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.

Mus musculus

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology

Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology

Response to diet Response to diet,response to diet

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

CD (Control diet)

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

CD-LX (Low dose xylotil group)

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Male mice that were given xylitol solution of 40 mg/kg body weight/day on a AIN93G 5% diet.

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group

5

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group

5

Lab analysis

Sequencing type

16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene

V2-V3

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).

relative abundances

Statistical test

Post-Hoc Pairwise

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)

0.05

MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?

No

Signature 1

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Source: Figure 2A

Description: Changes in the fecal microbiota of mice fed 40 ± 5 mg/kg body weight/day (CD-LX), and 194 ± 24 mg/kg body weight/day (CD-MX) of xylitol. An abundance of specific bacterial phylum or genus and ratio after seven weeks of xylitol supplementation.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in CD-LX (Low dose xylotil group)

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Bacillati
Bacteria

Revision editor(s): YokoC

Signature 2

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incomplete

Curated date: 2025/08/04

Curator: YokoC

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Source: Figure 2A

Description: Changes in the fecal microbiota of mice fed 40 ± 5 mg/kg body weight/day (CD-LX), and 194 ± 24 mg/kg body weight/day (CD-MX) of xylitol. An abundance of specific bacterial phylum or genus and ratio after seven weeks of xylitol supplementation.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in CD-LX (Low dose xylotil group)

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Bacteroides

Revision editor(s): YokoC

Experiment 2

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

CD-MX (medium dose xylotil group)

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Male mice that were given xylitol solution of 200 mg/kg body weight/day on a AIN93G 5% fiber diet.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Source: Figure 2A

Description: Changes in the fecal microbiota of mice fed a control diet (CD) vs mice fed 194 ± 24 mg/kg body weight/day (CD-MX) of xylitol. An abundance of specific bacterial phylum or genus and ratio after seven weeks of xylitol supplementation.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in CD-MX (medium dose xylotil group)

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Bacteroides

Revision editor(s): YokoC

Experiment 3

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Needs review

Curated date: 2025/08/05

Curator: YokoC

Revision editor(s): YokoC

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

HFD (high fat diet)

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

HFD-MX (high fat medium dose xylotil)

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Male mice that were given xylitol solution of 200 mg/kg body weight/day on a high fat 2.9% fiber diet.

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group

6

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Statistical test

T-Test

Signature 1

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Source: Figure 2B

Description: Changes in the fecal microbiota of mice fed a high fat diet (HDF) vs mice fed ad high fat 194 ± 24 mg/kg body weight/day (HDF-MX) of xylitol. An abundance of specific bacterial phylum or genus and ratio after seven weeks of xylitol supplementation.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in HFD-MX (high fat medium dose xylotil)

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Bacteria
Bacillati
Prevotella

Revision editor(s): YokoC

Signature 2

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Source: Figure 2B

Description: Changes in the fecal microbiota of mice fed a high fat diet (HDF) vs mice fed ad high fat 194 ± 24 mg/kg body weight/day (HDF-MX) of xylitol. An abundance of specific bacterial phylum or genus and ratio after seven weeks of xylitol supplementation.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in HFD-MX (high fat medium dose xylotil)

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Bacteroides

Revision editor(s): YokoC