Diversity of the Gut Microbiota in Dihydrotestosterone-Induced PCOS Rats and the Pharmacologic Effects of Diane-35, Probiotics, and Berberine
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Study information
-
Quality control
- Retracted paper
- Contamination issues suspected
- Batch effect issues suspected
- Uncontrolled confounding suspected
- Results are suspect (various reasons)
- Tags applied
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI Uniform resource identifier for web resources.
Authors
Zhang F, Ma T, Cui P, Tamadon A, He S, Huo C, Yierfulati G, Xu X, Hu W, Li X, Shao LR, Guo H, Feng Y, Xu C
Journal
Frontiers in microbiology
Year
2019
Keywords:
DHT, Diane-35, PCOS, berberine, gut microbiota, probiotics
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a frequent endocrine and metabolic syndrome in reproductive-age women. Recently, emerging evidence has shown that gut microbiota is closely related to metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and PCOS. In the present study, we established dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced PCOS rats and used Illumina MiSeq sequencing (PE300) to examine the composition, diversity, and abundance of the gut microbiota in PCOS. We compared the effects of three PCOS treatments: Diane-35 (estrogen and progesterone), probiotics and berberine. The DHT-induced rats showed constant estrous cycles, the loss of mature ovarian follicles, insulin resistance and obesity. The reproductive and metabolic functions in the PCOS rats were improved by treatment with Diane-35 and probiotics. Diane-35 and probiotics could restore the diversity of the gut microbiota, and the recovery of gut microbiota disorders improved the reproductive function in PCOS-like rats. However, berberine drastically reduced the species diversity and amount of gut microbiota and showed no improvement in PCOS. The findings of this study will help us to better understand the influence of the gut microbiota in the metabolic and reproductive alterations in PCOS as well as suggest opportunities for future personal dietary guidance for PCOS.
Experiment 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-8-4
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- China
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
- Rattus norvegicus
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Response to diet Response to diet,response to diet
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Control
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- HFD (High fat diet)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Female Wistar rats of 21 days fed a high-fat chow, energy%: 60% from fat, 20% from carbohydrates and 20% from protein, 5.24 kcal/g (Research Diets, D12492).
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 6
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 6
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- V3-V4
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- relative abundances
- Statistical test
- ANOVA
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.01
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- No
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- decreased
- Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- decreased
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-8-4
Source: Figure 5D
Description: The abundance of Spirochaetaceae at the family level.
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in HFD (High fat diet)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Spirochaetaceae |
Revision editor(s): Anne-mariesharp
Experiment 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-8-4
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Polycystic ovary syndrome Cystic disease of ovaries,hyperandrogenemia,Multicystic ovaries,multicystic ovaries,Ovarian Degeneration, Sclerocystic,Ovarian Syndrome, Polycystic,Ovarian Syndromes, Polycystic,Ovaries, Sclerocystic,Ovary Syndrome, Polycystic,Ovary, Sclerocystic,PCO - Polycystic ovaries,Pco1,PCOD - Polycystic ovarian disease,PCOS,Pcos,PCOS - Polycystic ovarian syndrome,PCOS1,Polycystic ovarian disease,polycystic ovarian disease,Polycystic ovarian syndrome,Polycystic ovaries,polycystic ovaries,Polycystic ovaries (disorder),polycystic ovary,polycystic ovary syndrome,polycystic ovary syndrome 1,Sclerocystic Ovarian Degeneration,Sclerocystic Ovaries,Sclerocystic Ovary,Sclerocystic Ovary Syndrome,Stein Leventhal Syndrome,Stein-Leventhal synd.,Stein-Leventhal Syndrome,Stein-Leventhal syndrome,Syndrome, Polycystic Ovary,Syndrome, Stein-Leventhal,Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- DHT (Dihydrotestosterone)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Female Wistar rats of 21 days fed with standard chow, energy%: 10.3% from fat, 65.5% from carbohydrate and 24.2% from protein, 3.52kcal/g (Shanghai SLAC Laboratory Animal) and implanted subcutaneously with slow-release Dihydrotestosterone (15 mg, 75-day release) silicone tubes at 21 days old to induce Polycystic ovary syndrome
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- unchanged
- Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-8-4
Source: Figure 5D
Description: The abundance of Spirochaetaceae at the family level.
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in DHT (Dihydrotestosterone)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Spirochaetaceae |
Revision editor(s): Anne-mariesharp
Experiment 3
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-8-4
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- DHT (Dihydrotestosterone) + Berberine
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- DHT-induced PCOS rats treated with Berberine daily, starting 7 weeks after DHT implantation
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.01
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- decreased
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- decreased
- Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
- increased
- Richness Number of species
- decreased
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-8-4
Source: Figure 5D
Description: The abundance of Spirochaetaceae at the family level.
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in DHT (Dihydrotestosterone) + Berberine
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Spirochaetaceae |
Revision editor(s): Anne-mariesharp
Experiment 4
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-8-4
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Response to diet Response to diet,response to diet
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- HFD (High fat diet)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Female Wistar rats of 21 days fed a high-fat chow, energy%: 60% from fat, 20% from carbohydrates and 20% from protein, 5.24 kcal/g (Research Diets, D12492).
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
- Statistical test
- T-Test
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- Yes
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- decreased
- Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- decreased
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-8-4
Source: Figure 6A, Supplementary figure 2A
Description: Different fecal microbiota in rats at the genus level
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in HFD (High fat diet)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Bacteroides | ||
| Ruminococcaceae bacterium UCG-005 | ||
| Ruminococcus_1Ruminococcus_1 |
Revision editor(s): Anne-mariesharp
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-8-4
Source: Figure 6A, Supplementary figure 2A
Description: Different fecal microbiota in rats at the genus level
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in HFD (High fat diet)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_groupPrevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group | ||
| Prevotella_9Prevotella_9 | ||
| Treponema_2Treponema_2 |
Revision editor(s): Anne-mariesharp
Experiment 5
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-8-4
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Polycystic ovary syndrome Cystic disease of ovaries,hyperandrogenemia,Multicystic ovaries,multicystic ovaries,Ovarian Degeneration, Sclerocystic,Ovarian Syndrome, Polycystic,Ovarian Syndromes, Polycystic,Ovaries, Sclerocystic,Ovary Syndrome, Polycystic,Ovary, Sclerocystic,PCO - Polycystic ovaries,Pco1,PCOD - Polycystic ovarian disease,PCOS,Pcos,PCOS - Polycystic ovarian syndrome,PCOS1,Polycystic ovarian disease,polycystic ovarian disease,Polycystic ovarian syndrome,Polycystic ovaries,polycystic ovaries,Polycystic ovaries (disorder),polycystic ovary,polycystic ovary syndrome,polycystic ovary syndrome 1,Sclerocystic Ovarian Degeneration,Sclerocystic Ovaries,Sclerocystic Ovary,Sclerocystic Ovary Syndrome,Stein Leventhal Syndrome,Stein-Leventhal synd.,Stein-Leventhal Syndrome,Stein-Leventhal syndrome,Syndrome, Polycystic Ovary,Syndrome, Stein-Leventhal,Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- DHT (Dihydrotestosterone)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Female Wistar rats of 21 days fed with standard chow, energy%: 10.3% from fat, 65.5% from carbohydrate and 24.2% from protein, 3.52kcal/g (Shanghai SLAC Laboratory Animal) and implanted subcutaneously with slow-release Dihydrotestosterone (15 mg, 75-day release) silicone tubes at 21 days old to induce Polycystic ovary syndrome
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- unchanged
- Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-8-4
Source: Figure 6B, Supplementary figure 2B
Description: Different fecal microbiota in rats at the genus level
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in DHT (Dihydrotestosterone)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Bacteroides | ||
| Prevotella_9Prevotella_9 |
Revision editor(s): Anne-mariesharp
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-8-4
Source: Supplementary figure 2B
Description: Different fecal microbiota in rats at the genus level
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in DHT (Dihydrotestosterone)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_groupPrevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group |
Revision editor(s): Anne-mariesharp
Experiment 6
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-8-4
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- DHT (Dihydrotestosterone) + Diane-35
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- DHT-induced PCOS rats treated with Diane-35 daily, starting 7 weeks after DHT implantation
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- unchanged
- Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-8-4
Source: Supplementary Figure 2C
Description: Different fecal microbiota in rats at the genus level
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in DHT (Dihydrotestosterone) + Diane-35
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013 |
Revision editor(s): Amaanarif, Anne-mariesharp
Experiment 7
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-8-4
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- DHT (Dihydrotestosterone) + Probiotics
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- DHT-induced PCOS rats treated with Probiotics daily, starting 7 weeks after DHT implantation
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- unchanged
- Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-8-4
Source: Supplementary Figure 2D
Description: Different fecal microbiota in rats at the genus level
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in DHT (Dihydrotestosterone) + Probiotics
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_groupPrevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group |
Revision editor(s): Amaanarif, Anne-mariesharp
Experiment 8
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-8-4
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- DHT (Dihydrotestosterone) + Berberine
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- DHT-induced PCOS rats treated with Berberine daily, starting 7 weeks after DHT implantation
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- decreased
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- decreased
- Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
- increased
- Richness Number of species
- decreased
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-8-4
Source: Figure 6E, Supplementary Figure 2E
Description: Different fecal microbiota in rats at the genus level
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in DHT (Dihydrotestosterone) + Berberine
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Blautia | ||
| Phascolarctobacterium | ||
| Thomasclavelia | ||
| Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_groupPrevotellaceae_NK3B31_group |
Revision editor(s): Anne-mariesharp
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-8-4
Source: Figure 6E, Supplementary Figure 2E
Description: Different fecal microbiota in rats at the genus level
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in DHT (Dihydrotestosterone) + Berberine
Revision editor(s): Anne-mariesharp
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