The gut microbiota is associated with psychiatric symptom severity and treatment outcome among individuals with serious mental illness

Study information

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-20

study design

prospective cohort

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

32056780

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1016/j.jad.2019.12.020

URI

Authors

Madan A, Thompson D, Fowler JC, Ajami NJ, Salas R, Frueh BC, Bradshaw MR, Weinstein BL, Oldham JM, Petrosino JF

Journal

Journal of affective disorders

Year

2020

Keywords:

Anxiety, Depression, Microbiome, Microbiota, Outcomes, Serious mental illness

BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence implicates the gut microbiota in central nervous system functioning via its effects on inflammation, the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, and/or neurotransmission. Our understanding of the cellular underpinnings of the brain-gut relationship is based almost exclusively on animal models with some small-scale human studies. This study examined the relationship between the gut microbiota and psychiatric symptom severity and treatment response among inpatients with serious mental illness. METHOD: We collected data from adult inpatients (N = 111). Measures of diagnoses, suicide severity, trauma, depression, and anxiety were collected shortly after admission, while self-collected fecal swabs were collected early in the course of hospitalization and processed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and whole genome shotgun sequencing methods. RESULTS: Results indicate that depression and anxiety severity shortly after admission were negatively associated with bacterial richness and alpha diversity. Additional analyses revealed a number of bacterial taxa associated with depression and anxiety severity. Gut microbiota richness and alpha diversity early in the course of hospitalization was a significant predictor of depression remission at discharge. CONCLUSIONS: This study is among the first to demonstrate a gut microbiota relationship with symptom severity among psychiatric inpatients as well as a relationship to remission of depression post-treatment. These findings are consistent with animal models and limited human studies as well as with the broader literature implicating inflammation in the pathophysiology of depression. These findings offer the foundation for further studies of novel therapeutic approaches to the treatment, prevention of, or recurrence of serious mental illness.

Experiment 1

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Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, ChiomaBlessing, Ifeanyisam

Subjects

Location of subjects

United States of America

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.

Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology

Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology

Major depressive disorder

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

mild depression

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

severe depression

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Patients in this group were diagnosed with severe depression (The primary patient-reported outcome measures used in this study were the Patient Health Questionnaire – 9 (PHQ-9) and the Patient Health Questionnaire – Generalized Anxiety Disorder screener (GAD-7); they were used to quantify depression severity).

Lab analysis

Sequencing type

16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene

V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance

Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).

relative abundances

Statistical test

LEfSe

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)

0.05

MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?

No

LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool

2

Signature 1

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Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, Merit, ChiomaBlessing

Source: Figure 1A and 1B

Description: Significant bacterial biomarkers among individuals with severe depression VS individuals with mild depression at admission

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in severe depression

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Flavonifractor plautii
Ruminococcus sp.
Lachnospiraceae bacterium 1_4_56FAA

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, Merit, ChiomaBlessing

Signature 2

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Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Fatima Zohra

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, Rukky, ChiomaBlessing, Joan Chuks

Source: Figure 1A and 1B

Description: Significant bacterial biomarkers among individuals with severe depression VS individuals with mild depression at admission

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in severe depression

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Actinomycetota
Alistipes senegalensis
Bifidobacterium adolescentis
Oxalobacter formigenes
Clostridiales vadinBB60Clostridiales vadinBB60
Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010
uncultured Oscillospiraceae bacterium

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, Rukky, ChiomaBlessing, Joan Chuks

Experiment 2

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-20

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, ChiomaBlessing, Ifeanyisam

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

moderate depression

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Patients in this group were diagnosed with moderate depression (The primary patient-reported outcome measures used in this study were the Patient Health Questionnaire – 9 (PHQ-9) and the Patient Health Questionnaire – Generalized Anxiety Disorder screener (GAD-7); they were used to quantify depression severity).

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Curator: Fatima Zohra

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Source: Figure 1A and 1B

Description: Significant bacterial biomarkers among individuals with moderate depression VS individuals with mild depression at admission

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in moderate depression

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Coprococcus catus
Flavonifractor
Streptococcus anginosus
[Clostridium] symbiosum

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, ChiomaBlessing

Experiment 3

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Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, ChiomaBlessing, Ifeanyisam

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology

Anxiety disorder anxiety,anxiety disorder,anxiety disorders,anxiety neuroses,anxiety neurosis,anxiety state,anxiety/mood disorders,chronic stress,mood and anxiety disorder,mood and anxiety disorders,neurotic anxiety states,Anxiety disorder

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

mild anxiety

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

severe anxiety

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Patients in this group were diagnosed with severe anxiety (The primary patient-reported outcome measures used in this study were the Patient Health Questionnaire – 9 (PHQ-9) and the Patient Health Questionnaire – Generalized Anxiety Disorder screener (GAD-7); they were used to quantify anxiety severity).

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-20

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Fatima Zohra

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, Atrayees, ChiomaBlessing

Source: Figure 1C and 1D

Description: Significant bacterial biomarkers among individuals with severe anxiety VS individuals with mild anxiety at admission

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in severe anxiety

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Streptococcus anginosus
Lachnospiraceae bacterium 1_4_56FAA

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, Atrayees, ChiomaBlessing

Signature 2

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Curator: Fatima Zohra

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, Merit, ChiomaBlessing

Source: Figure 1C and 1D

Description: Significant bacterial biomarkers among individuals with severe anxiety VS individuals with mild anxiety at admission

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in severe anxiety

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Actinomycetes
Actinomycetota
Agathobacter rectalis
Alistipes putredinis
Bacillota
Bifidobacterium adolescentis
Clostridia
Coprococcus catus
Corynebacteriaceae
Eubacteriales
Eubacterium ventriosum
Lawsonella
Mycobacteriales
Roseburia hominis
Roseburia inulinivorans
Ruminococcus sp.
Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, Merit, ChiomaBlessing

Experiment 4

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-20

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, ChiomaBlessing, Ifeanyisam

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

moderate anxiety

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Patients in this group were diagnosed with moderate anxiety (The primary patient-reported outcome measures used in this study were the Patient Health Questionnaire – 9 (PHQ-9) and the Patient Health Questionnaire – Generalized Anxiety Disorder screener (GAD-7); they were used to quantify anxiety severity).

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-20

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Fatima Zohra

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, Atrayees, ChiomaBlessing

Source: Figure 1C and 1D

Description: Significant bacterial biomarkers among individuals with moderate anxiety VS individuals with mild anxiety at admission

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in moderate anxiety

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Lactococcus lactis
Eggerthella lenta
Lachnospiraceae bacterium 1_1_57FAA
Clostridiales bacterium 1_7_47FAA
unclassified Eggerthella

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, Atrayees, ChiomaBlessing

Experiment 5

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Curated date: 2024/02/20

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, Ifeanyisam, WikiWorks

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology

Remission disease remission,Remission,remission

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

No

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Yes

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Participants who achieved remission from depression at discharge

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Source: Figure 3A and 3B

Description: Significant bacterial biomarkers among participants who achieved remission from depression (YES) VS participants who did not achieve remission from depression at discharge (NO)

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Yes

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Agathobacter rectalis
Alcaligenaceae
Bacillota
Bacteroides nordii
Betaproteobacteria
Burkholderiales
Clostridia
Collinsella
Collinsella aerofaciens
Coprococcus catus
Dorea formicigenerans
Eubacteriales
Eubacterium coprostanoligenes
Eubacterium ventriosum
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii
Lachnoclostridium
Lachnospira
Negativicutes
Oscillospiraceae
Parasutterella
Peptococcaceae
Roseburia
Roseburia hominis
Roseburia inulinivorans
Ruminococcaceae bacterium UCG-005
Ruminococcus callidus
Selenomonadales
Clostridiales vadinBB60Clostridiales vadinBB60
Ruminococcaceae UCG-002Ruminococcaceae UCG-002
Lachnospiraceae NK4A136Lachnospiraceae NK4A136
Lachnospiraceae UCG-001Lachnospiraceae UCG-001
Lachnospiraceae UCG-010Lachnospiraceae UCG-010
Ruminococcaceae UCG-010Ruminococcaceae UCG-010
Ruminococcaceae UCG-003Ruminococcaceae UCG-003
uncultured Oscillospiraceae bacterium

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, Joan Chuks, WikiWorks

Signature 2

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Source: Figure 3A and 3B

Description: Significant bacterial biomarkers among participants who achieved remission from depression (YES) VS participants who did not achieve remission from depression at discharge (NO)

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Yes

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Ruminococcus sp.
Bacillales
Caryophanaceae
Domibacillus
Pseudomonadales
Pseudomonadaceae
Pseudomonas
Enterobacteriaceae
Enterobacterales
Gammaproteobacteria
Blautia hydrogenotrophica
Intestinibacter bartlettii
Mediterraneibacter gnavus
unclassified Escherichia

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks

Experiment 6

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Participants who achieved remission from anxiety at discharge

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Mark reviewed

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Needs review

Curated date: 2024/02/20

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, Joan Chuks, WikiWorks

Source: Figure 3C and 3D

Description: Significant bacterial biomarkers among participants who achieved remission from anxiety (YES) VS participants who did not achieve remission from anxiety at discharge (NO)

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Agathobacter rectalis
Alcaligenaceae
Bacillota
Betaproteobacteria
Burkholderiales
Clostridia
Coprococcus catus
Defluviitaleaceae
Eubacteriales
Lachnospiraceae bacterium 8_1_57FAA
Roseburia inulinivorans
Ruminococcus callidus
Ruminococcus sp.
unclassified Subdoligranulum
Defluviitaleaceae UCG-011Defluviitaleaceae UCG-011
Clostridiales vadinBB60Clostridiales vadinBB60
Lachnospiraceae UCG-010Lachnospiraceae UCG-010
Ruminococcaceae UCG-010Ruminococcaceae UCG-010
uncultured Oscillospiraceae bacterium

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, Joan Chuks, WikiWorks

Signature 2

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Mark reviewed

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Curated date: 2024/02/20

Curator: ChiomaBlessing

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Source: Figure 3C and 3D

Description: Significant bacterial biomarkers among participants who achieved remission from anxiety (YES) VS participants who did not achieve remission from anxiety at discharge (NO)

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Bacteroides nordii
Blautia hydrogenotrophica
Enterobacterales
Enterobacteriaceae
Erysipelotrichaceae bacterium 21_3
Escherichia/Shigella sp.
Gammaproteobacteria
Intestinibacter bartlettii
Lachnospiraceae bacterium 1_1_57FAA
Pseudomonadota
Streptococcus salivarius
unclassified Escherichia
Bacilli

Revision editor(s): ChiomaBlessing, WikiWorks