Differences in the eyelid and buccal microbiome between open-angle glaucoma and uveitic glaucoma

Study information

Needs review

study design

cross-sectional observational, not case-control

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

34233092

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1111/aos.14967

URI Uniform resource identifier for web resources.

Authors

Lee JW, Lim SH, Shin JH, Lee Y, Seo JH

Journal

Acta ophthalmologica

Year

2022

Keywords:

eyelid, metagenome, microbiome, open-angle glaucoma, uveitic glaucoma

PURPOSE: Microbiomes have immunoregulatory functions and may be involved in the pathophysiology of eye diseases. However, the effects of microbiomes on uveitic glaucoma (UG) and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) have not been sufficiently investigated. This study analysed differences in eyelid and buccal microbiomes between UG and OAG using metagenomic technology. METHODS: Eyelid and buccal specimens were collected from 34 UG and 62 OAG patients. The taxonomic composition of the microbiome was determined via 16S rRNA gene sequencing, operational taxonomic unit analysis and diversity analysis. Differential gene expression analysis (DEG) and principal component analyses (PCoA) determined taxon differences between the microbiomes of the UG and OAG patients. Subgroup analysis according to age and baseline IOP was performed. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in alpha-diversity between the microbiomes of UG and OAG patients. Further, PCoA revealed no differences in eyelid microbiome between the UG and OAG groups, but significant differences were found in buccal microbiome between the groups, especially in a subgroup of OAG patients with normal IOP. DEG analysis of the eyelid microbiome revealed various taxa differences, including the enrichment of Rhodococcus in UG samples over OAG samples. Taxa such as Lactobacillus and Proteus were significantly depleted (q-value = 9.98e-6 and q-value = 1.38 × 10-4 , respectively) in the buccal microbiome of UG patients, whereas Enterococcus was enriched (q-value = 5.26e-5 ). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the buccal microbiome in UG differs from that in OAG; reduced Lactobacillus was observed in UG. These results suggest that apart than OAG, microbiome composition may be a factor in the pathogenesis of UG.

Experiment 1

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Curated date: 2025/09/18

Curator: Anne-mariesharp

Revision editor(s): Anne-mariesharp

Subjects

Location of subjects: Republic of Korea

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.: Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Margin of eyelid Free margin of eyelid,Margin of eyelid,margin of eyelid

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Glaucoma glaucoma,glaucoma (disease),Glaucoma (disorder),Glaucoma associated with other ocular disorders,Glaucoma associated with other ocular disorders (disorder),Glaucoma associated with other ocular disorders NOS,Glaucoma associated with other ocular disorders NOS (disorder),GLAUCOMA NEC,Glaucoma NOS,Glaucoma NOS (disorder),Glaucoma, NOS,Glaucomas,Other specified forms of glaucoma,Other specified forms of glaucoma (disorder),Other specified glaucoma,Other specified glaucoma NOS,Other specified glaucoma NOS (disorder),Unspecified glaucoma,Glaucoma

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Open-angle glaucoma (OAG)

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Uveitic glaucoma (UG)

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Patients with uveitic glaucoma

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 62

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 34

Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any): 1 month

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V3-V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).: raw counts

Statistical test: edgeR

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.01

MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: Yes

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: unchanged

Signature 1

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Source: Figure 4, Supplementary Table S1

Description: Differentially abundant taxa of the eyelid microbiome in uveitic glaucoma patients compared to that of open-angle glaucoma patients

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Uveitic glaucoma (UG)

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Citrobacter
Desulfonatronobacter
Desulfotignum
Enhydrobacter
Fontibacillus
Gordonia
Mariniphaga
Paenibacillus
Rhodococcus
Sulfurovum
Tomitella
Deferrisoma
Owenweeksia
Thauera
Phycisphaera
Acidicaldus
Pelobacter
Balnearium
Thioprofundum
Desulfosarcina
Natronobacillus
Melioribacter
Desulfuromonas
Desulfobulbus
Gemmata
Treponema
Ornatilinea

Revision editor(s): Anne-mariesharp

Signature 2

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Source: Figure 4, Supplementary Table S1

Description: Differentially abundant taxa of the eyelid microbiome in uveitic glaucoma patients compared to that of open-angle glaucoma patients

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Uveitic glaucoma (UG)

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Serratia

Revision editor(s): Anne-mariesharp

Experiment 2

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Buccal mucosa Buccal mucosa,buccal mucosa

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: unchanged