Uncovering Microbial Composition in Human Breast Cancer Primary Tumour Tissue Using Transcriptomic RNA-seq

From BugSigDB
Needs review
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI Uniform resource identifier for web resources.
Authors
Hadzega D, Minarik G, Karaba M, Kalavska K, Benca J, Ciernikova S, Sedlackova T, Nemcova P, Bohac M, Pindak D, Klucar L, Mego M
Journal
International journal of molecular sciences
Year
2021
Keywords:
Kraken2, RNA-seq, breast cancer, circulating tumour cells, metatranscriptomics, microbiome, microbiota, primary tumour
Recent research studies are showing breast tissues as a place where various species of microorganisms can thrive and cannot be considered sterile, as previously thought. We analysed the microbial composition of primary tumour tissue and normal breast tissue and found differences between them and between multiple breast cancer phenotypes. We sequenced the transcriptome of breast tumours and normal tissues (from cancer-free women) of 23 individuals from Slovakia and used bioinformatics tools to uncover differences in the microbial composition of tissues. To analyse our RNA-seq data (rRNA depleted), we used and tested Kraken2 and Metaphlan3 tools. Kraken2 has shown higher reliability for our data. Additionally, we analysed 91 samples obtained from SRA database, originated in China and submitted by Sichuan University. In breast tissue, the most enriched group were Proteobacteria, then Firmicutes and Actinobacteria for both datasets, in Slovak samples also Bacteroides, while in Chinese samples Cyanobacteria were more frequent. We have observed changes in the microbiome between cancerous and healthy tissues and also different phenotypes of diseases, based on the presence of circulating tumour cells and few other markers.

Experiment 1


Needs review

Curated date: 2025/06/22

Curator: Ecsharp

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Subjects

Location of subjects
Slovakia
Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
Homo sapiens
Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
Breast Mamma,Mammary part of chest,Mammary region,Breast,breast
Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
Breast cancer breast cancer,breast tumor,cancer of breast,malignant breast neoplasm,malignant breast tumor,malignant neoplasm of breast,malignant neoplasm of the breast,malignant tumor of breast,malignant tumor of the breast,mammary cancer,mammary neoplasm,mammary tumor,primary breast cancer,Breast cancer
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
normal breast tissue
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
breast cancer tumor tissue
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Slovakia breast cancer patients (stage I–III) treated with surgery from April 2012 to February 2015
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
5
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
18

Lab analysis

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
Not specified
Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
relative abundances
Statistical test
Kruskall-Wallis
LEfSe
Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon)
Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
0.05
MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
No
LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool
3


Signature 1

Needs review

Curated date: 2025/06/22

Curator: Ecsharp

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Source: Figure 3 (A)

Description: Differentially represented taxa between normal breast tissue samples (from cancer-free donors) and breast tumour tissue. (A) Comparison of the microbiome in primary tumours of Slovak patients and normal breast tissue of Slovak cancer-free donors. Since standard conditions identified too many results, to visualise data, LEfSe was run with parameters (LDA > 3, Kruskal Wallis testp-value < 0.05, Wilcoxon testp-value < 0.05)

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in breast cancer tumor tissue

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Rhodobacter
Micrococcus
Priestia megaterium
Priestia
Mycobacteriales
Acinetobacter
Caudoviricetes
Gorganvirus isfahan
Gorganvirus
Uroviricota
Viruses

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Signature 2

Needs review

Curated date: 2025/06/22

Curator: Ecsharp

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Source: Figure 3 (A)

Description: Differentially represented taxa between normal breast tissue samples (from cancer-free donors) and breast tumour tissue. (A) Comparison of the microbiome in primary tumours of Slovak patients and normal breast tissue of Slovak cancer-free donors. Since standard conditions identified too many results, to visualise data, LEfSe was run with parameters (LDA > 3, Kruskal Wallis testp-value < 0.05, Wilcoxon testp-value < 0.05)

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in breast cancer tumor tissue

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Bacteroidia
Cytophagia
Cytophagales
Hymenobacteraceae
Hymenobacter
Paenibacillaceae
Bacteroidaceae
Bacteroides
Paenibacillus
Coriobacteriia
Bifidobacterium
Hymenobacter psoromatis
Coriobacteriales
Coriobacteriaceae
Collinsella
Collinsella aerofaciens
Hymenobacter sp. BRD128
Hymenobacter sedentarius
Bifidobacterium adolescentis
Microlunatus
Oscillospiraceae
Paenibacillus bovis
Microlunatus sagamiharensis
Sphingobacteriaceae
Sphingobacteriia
Sphingobacteriales
Oscillibacter

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Experiment 2


Needs review

Curated date: 2025/06/22

Curator: Ecsharp

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Location of subjects
China


Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
Triple-negative breast cancer triple-negative breast cancer,triple-negative breast carcinoma,triple-receptor negative breast cancer,Triple-negative breast cancer
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
triple-negative breast cancer tumor tissue
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
RNA-seq transcriptomic data obtained from triple-negative breast cancer patients in China (Data taken from study PRJNA553096)
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
18
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
72

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool
5.5


Signature 1

Needs review

Curated date: 2025/06/24

Curator: Ecsharp

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Source: Figure 3 (B)

Description: Differentially represented taxa between normal breast tissue samples and breast tumour tissue. (B) Comparison of microbiome in primary tumours of 72 patients from China and 18 normal breast tissues of cancer-free donors from China. For visualisation, LEfSe was run with parameters (LDA > 5.5, Kruskal Wallis test p-value < 0.05, Wilcoxon test p-value < 0.05), for the purpose of visualising the best hits.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in triple-negative breast cancer tumor tissue

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Bacillus
Bacillales
Bacillaceae
Achromobacter
Peptostreptococcaceae
Alcaligenaceae

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Signature 2

Needs review

Curated date: 2025/06/24

Curator: Ecsharp

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Source: Figure 3 (B)

Description: Differentially represented taxa between normal breast tissue samples and breast tumour tissue. (B) Comparison of microbiome in primary tumours of 72 patients from China and 18 normal breast tissues of cancer-free donors from China. For visualisation, LEfSe was run with parameters (LDA > 5.5, Kruskal Wallis test p-value < 0.05, Wilcoxon test p-value < 0.05), for the purpose of visualising the best hits.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in triple-negative breast cancer tumor tissue

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Bacillati
Bacilli
Lactobacillales
Lactobacillaceae
Lacticaseibacillus
Pseudomonadota
Gammaproteobacteria
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus
Lysobacterales
Lysobacteraceae
Alphaproteobacteria
Xanthomonas
Hyphomicrobiales
Pseudomonadales
Pasteurellales
Pasteurellaceae
Pasteurella
Pasteurella multocida
Moraxellaceae
Actinomycetota
Actinomycetes
Cyanobacteriota
Phyllobacteriaceae
Xanthomonas oryzae
Acinetobacter
Mesorhizobium
Moraxella
Clostridiaceae
Clostridia
Eubacteriales
Clostridium
Faucicola osloensis
Pseudomonadaceae
Pseudomonas
Mycobacteriales
Bacteroidota
Nitratireductor
Rhodobacterales
Paracoccaceae
Pseudonocardiales
Pseudonocardiaceae
Clostridium botulinum
Propionibacteriales
Lactiplantibacillus
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Experiment 3


Needs review

Curated date: 2025/06/24

Curator: Ecsharp

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Location of subjects
Slovakia


Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
Breast cancer breast cancer,breast tumor,cancer of breast,malignant breast neoplasm,malignant breast tumor,malignant neoplasm of breast,malignant neoplasm of the breast,malignant tumor of breast,malignant tumor of the breast,mammary cancer,mammary neoplasm,mammary tumor,primary breast cancer,Breast cancer
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
BC patients without CTC
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
BC patients with CTC
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Slovakia breast cancer patients with circulating tumour cells (CTC) in their blood
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
9
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
9

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool
3


Signature 1

Needs review

Curated date: 2025/06/24

Curator: Ecsharp

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Source: Figure 4 (A)

Description: Differentially represented taxa in primary tumour tissues of Slovak patients between multiple markers statuses. (A) Comparison of the microbiome in primary tumours of patients with CTC in their blood and primary tumours of patients without CTC detected in their blood (LDA threshold = 3).

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in BC patients with CTC

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Phycicoccus
Actinoplanes
Hyphomicrobiaceae
Blastomonas
Nakamurella antarctica
Faucicola osloensis
Rhodobacterales
Paracoccaceae
Moraxella
Rhodococcus
Nocardiaceae
Micrococcales
Bacteria

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Signature 2

Needs review

Curated date: 2025/06/24

Curator: Ecsharp

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Source: Figure 4 (A)

Description: Differentially represented taxa in primary tumour tissues of Slovak patients between multiple markers statuses. (A) Comparison of the microbiome in primary tumours of patients with CTC in their blood and primary tumours of patients without CTC detected in their blood (LDA threshold = 3).

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in BC patients with CTC

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Viruses
Caudoviricetes
Uroviricota
Gorganvirus isfahan
Gorganvirus
Pasteurellales
Pasteurella multocida
Pasteurella
Delftia
Asticcacaulis excentricus
Asticcacaulis
Acinetobacter johnsonii
Burkholderia

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Experiment 4


Needs review

Curated date: 2025/06/24

Curator: Ecsharp

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
HR- BC patients
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
HR+ BC patients
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Slovakia breast cancer patients with hormone receptor status (HR+ vs HR-) was defined as positive for either oestrogen receptor or progesterone receptor vs negative for both, 1% of cells positive for hormone receptor was used as the cut-off to define hormone receptor positivity.
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
5
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
13

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

Needs review

Curated date: 2025/06/24

Curator: Ecsharp

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Source: Figure 4 (B)

Description: Differentially represented taxa in primary tumour tissues of Slovak patients between multiple markers statuses. For all comparisons, LEfSe was run with parameters: LDA > 3 (stricter than default LDA > 2 just for purpose of visualisation), Kruskal Wallis test p-value < 0.05, Wilcoxon test p-value < 0.05. (B) Comparison of the microbiome in primary tumours of patients positive on HR marker and negative on HR marker.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in HR+ BC patients

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Lawsonella clevelandensis
Lawsonellaceae
Lawsonella
Nitriliruptoria
Spirosoma
Spirosoma pollinicola
Paracoccus
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium botulinum
Actinomyces
Actinomyces oris
Staphylococcus aureus
Bacillus cereus
Clostridium
Clostridiaceae
Bacillus
Hydrogenophaga sp. NH-16
Hydrogenophaga
Staphylococcus
Staphylococcaceae
Halomonadaceae
Halomonas sp. JS92-SW72
Halomonas
Oceanospirillales

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Signature 2

Needs review

Curated date: 2025/06/24

Curator: Ecsharp

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Source: Figure 4 (B)

Description: Differentially represented taxa in primary tumour tissues of Slovak patients between multiple markers statuses. For all comparisons, LEfSe was run with parameters: LDA > 3 (stricter than default LDA > 2 just for purpose of visualisation), Kruskal Wallis test p-value < 0.05, Wilcoxon test p-value < 0.05. (B) Comparison of the microbiome in primary tumours of patients positive on HR marker and negative on HR marker.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in HR+ BC patients

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Pseudomonadota
Moraxellaceae
Acinetobacter
Betaproteobacteria
Priestia megaterium
Priestia
Burkholderiales
Burkholderiaceae
Caulobacterales
Hyphomicrobiales
Streptomyces
Nitrobacteraceae
Rhodobacter xanthinilyticus
Rhodobacter
Bradyrhizobium
Pseudolysobacter
Pseudolysobacter antarcticus
Gammaretrovirus
Acidovorax
Rhodococcus ruber
Janthinobacterium sp. LM6

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Experiment 5


Needs review

Curated date: 2025/06/25

Curator: Ecsharp

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
HER2- BC patients
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
HER2+ BC patients
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Slovakia breast cancer patients with HER2 status (HER+ vs HER-). 1% of cells positive for hormone receptor was used as the cut-off to define hormone receptor positivity and HER2 status.
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
14
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
4

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

Needs review

Curated date: 2025/06/25

Curator: Ecsharp

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Source: Figure 4 (C)

Description: Differentially represented taxa in primary tumour tissues of Slovak patients between multiple markers statuses. For all comparisons, LEfSe was run with parameters: LDA > 3 (stricter than default LDA > 2 just for purpose of visualisation), Kruskal Wallis test p-value < 0.05, Wilcoxon test p-value < 0.05. (C) Comparison of the microbiome in primary tumours of patients positive on HER2 marker and negative on HER2 marker status.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in HER2+ BC patients

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Helicobacter pylori
Musicola paradisiaca
Pseudactinotalea sp. HY158
Paraburkholderia fungorum
Massilia oculi
Burkholderiales
Betaproteobacteria

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Signature 2

Needs review

Curated date: 2025/06/25

Curator: Ecsharp

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Source: Figure 4 (C)

Description: Differentially represented taxa in primary tumour tissues of Slovak patients between multiple markers statuses. For all comparisons, LEfSe was run with parameters: LDA > 3 (stricter than default LDA > 2 just for purpose of visualisation), Kruskal Wallis test p-value < 0.05, Wilcoxon test p-value < 0.05. (C) Comparison of the microbiome in primary tumours of patients positive on HER2 marker and negative on HER2 marker status.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in HER2+ BC patients

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Flavobacteriia
Flavobacteriales
Weeksellaceae
Nocardioides
Deinococci
Deinococcota

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Experiment 6


Needs review

Curated date: 2025/06/25

Curator: Ecsharp

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Ki67 < 20% BC patients
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Ki67 > 20% BC patients
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Slovakia breast cancer patients were labeled Ki67 > 20% or Ki67 < 20%. Ki-67 labelling index was reported as a percentage of cells with Ki-67 positive nuclear immunostaining.
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
7
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
11

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

Needs review

Curated date: 2025/06/25

Curator: Ecsharp

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Source: Figure 4 (E)

Description: Differentially represented taxa in primary tumour tissues of Slovak patients between multiple markers statuses. For all comparisons, LEfSe was run with parameters: LDA > 3 (stricter than default LDA > 2 just for purpose of visualisation), Kruskal Wallis test p-value < 0.05, Wilcoxon test p-value < 0.05. (E) Comparison of the microbiome in primary tumours of Ki67 > 20% and Ki67 < 20%.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Ki67 > 20% BC patients

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Mycetohabitans
Mycetohabitans rhizoxinica
Lachnospiraceae
Rhodobacter xanthinilyticus
Nitrobacteraceae
Asticcacaulis excentricus
Asticcacaulis
Enterobacterales
Burkholderiaceae
Caulobacteraceae
Caulobacterales
Sphingomonas
Burkholderiales
Sphingomonadaceae
Sphingomonadales
Betaproteobacteria
Pseudomonadota

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Signature 2

Needs review

Curated date: 2025/06/25

Curator: Ecsharp

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp

Source: Figure 4 (E)

Description: Differentially represented taxa in primary tumour tissues of Slovak patients between multiple markers statuses. For all comparisons, LEfSe was run with parameters: LDA > 3 (stricter than default LDA > 2 just for purpose of visualisation), Kruskal Wallis test p-value < 0.05, Wilcoxon test p-value < 0.05. (E) Comparison of the microbiome in primary tumours of Ki67 > 20% and Ki67 < 20%.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Ki67 > 20% BC patients

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Oceanospirillales
Halomonas sp. JS92-SW72
Halomonas
Halomonadaceae
Staphylococcaceae
Moraxella
Staphylococcus
Faucicola osloensis
Bacillus cereus
Staphylococcus aureus
Clostridium
Clostridiaceae
Gardnerella vaginalis
Cyclobacteriaceae
Actinomyces
Clostridium tetani
Actinomycetaceae
Actinomycetales
Actinomyces oris
Lactobacillus iners
Algoriphagus

Revision editor(s): Ecsharp