Overabundance of Asaia and Serratia Bacteria Is Associated with Deltamethrin Insecticide Susceptibility in Anopheles coluzzii from Agboville, Côte d'Ivoire
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Study information
-
Quality control
- Retracted paper
- Contamination issues suspected
- Batch effect issues suspected
- Uncontrolled confounding suspected
- Results are suspect (various reasons)
- Tags applied
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI
Authors
Pelloquin B, Kristan M, Edi C, Meiwald A, Clark E, Jeffries CL, Walker T, Dada N, Messenger LA
Journal
Microbiology spectrum
Year
2021
Keywords:
Anopheles coluzzii, Asaia, Côte d’Ivoire, Serratia, deltamethrin, insecticide resistance, malaria, microbiota
Insecticide resistance among mosquito species is now a pervasive phenomenon that threatens to jeopardize global malaria vector control efforts. Evidence of links between the mosquito microbiota and insecticide resistance is emerging, with significant enrichment of insecticide degrading bacteria and enzymes in resistant populations. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we characterized and compared the microbiota of Anopheles coluzzii in relation to their deltamethrin resistance and exposure profiles. Comparisons between 2- and 3-day-old deltamethrin-resistant and -susceptible mosquitoes demonstrated significant differences in microbiota diversity. Ochrobactrum, Lysinibacillus, and Stenotrophomonas genera, each of which comprised insecticide-degrading species, were significantly enriched in resistant mosquitoes. Susceptible mosquitoes had a significant reduction in alpha diversity compared to resistant individuals, with Asaia and Serratia dominating microbial profiles. There was no significant difference in deltamethrin-exposed and -unexposed 5- to 6-day-old individuals, suggesting that insecticide exposure had minimal impact on microbial composition. Serratia and Asaia were also dominant in 5- to 6-day-old mosquitoes, which had reduced microbial diversity compared to 2- to 3-day-old mosquitoes. Our findings revealed significant alterations of Anopheles coluzzii microbiota associated with deltamethrin resistance, highlighting the potential for identification of novel microbial markers for insecticide resistance surveillance. qPCR detection of Serratia and Asaia was consistent with 16S rRNA sequencing, suggesting that population-level field screening of bacterial microbiota may be feasibly integrated into wider resistance monitoring, if reliable and reproducible markers associated with phenotype can be identified. IMPORTANCE Control of insecticide-resistant vector populations remains a significant challenge to global malaria control and while substantial progress has been made elucidating key target site mutations, overexpressed detoxification enzymes and alternate gene families, the contribution of the mosquito microbiota to phenotypic insecticide resistance has been largely overlooked. We focused on determining the effects of deltamethrin resistance intensity on Anopheles coluzzii microbiota and identifying any microbial taxa associated with phenotype. We demonstrated a significant reduction in microbial diversity between deltamethrin-resistant and -susceptible mosquitoes. Insecticide degrading bacterial species belonging to Ochrobactrum, Lysinibacillus, and Stenotrophomonas genera were significantly enriched in resistant mosquitoes, while Asaia and Serratia dominated microbial profiles of susceptible individuals. Our results revealed significant alterations of Anopheles coluzzii microbiota associated with deltamethrin resistance, highlighting the potential for identification of novel microbial markers for surveillance and opportunities for designing innovative control techniques to prevent the further evolution and spread of insecticide resistance.
Experiment 1
Needs review
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- Côte d'Ivoire
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
- Anopheles coluzzii
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Blood vessel Region of vascular tree organ,Vas sanguineum,Vascular element,Vascular tree organ region,Blood vessel,blood vessel
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Insecticide insecticides,Insecticide,insecticide
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Susceptible + Control mosquitoes (2 to 3 days old)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Resistant mosquitoes (2 to 3 days old)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Resistant mosquitoes refers to mosquitoes that survived 60 min (2 to 3 days old) postexposure to 5×, or 10× deltamethrin.
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 129
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 51
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- V3-V4
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- centered log-ratio
- Statistical test
- ANCOM
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- Yes
- Matched on Factors on which subjects have been matched on in a case-control study
- age
Signature 1
Needs review
Source: In text of the "Serratia and Asaia dominated in older and younger susceptible An. coluzzii." section and Fig. S5
Description: Differential abundance of taxa between susceptible, resistant and control mosquitoes using ANCOM
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Resistant mosquitoes (2 to 3 days old)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Serratia | ||
| Asaia |
Revision editor(s): KateRasheed
Experiment 2
Needs review
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Resistant + Control mosquitoes (2 to 3 days old)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Susceptible mosquitoes (2 to 3 days old)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Susceptible mosquitoes refers to the mosquitoes knocked down after exposure to 1× deltamethrin
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 93
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 87
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Signature 1
Needs review
Source: In text of the "Serratia and Asaia dominated in older and younger susceptible An. coluzzii." section and Fig. S5
Description: Differential abundance of taxa between susceptible, resistant and control mosquitoes using ANCOM
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Susceptible mosquitoes (2 to 3 days old)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Enterobacteriaceae | ||
| Ochrobactrum | ||
| Lysinibacillus |
Revision editor(s): KateRasheed
Experiment 3
Needs review
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Susceptible + Resistant mosquitoes (2 to 3 days old)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Control mosquitoes (2 to 3 days old)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Control mosquitoes refers to mosquitoes that were unexposed to insecticide (comprising a mix of age-matched individuals of unknown phenotype). They are mosquitoes from control bottle which were alive 60 minutes after the initiation of bioassay
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 138
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 42
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Signature 1
Needs review
Source: In text of the "Serratia and Asaia dominated in older and younger susceptible An. coluzzii." section and Fig. S5
Description: Differential abundance of taxa between susceptible, resistant and control mosquitoes using ANCOM
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Control mosquitoes (2 to 3 days old)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Enterobacteriaceae | ||
| Ochrobactrum | ||
| Lysinibacillus |
Revision editor(s): KateRasheed
Experiment 4
Needs review
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Control mosquitoes (2 to 3 days old)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Susceptible mosquitoes (2 to 3 days old)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Susceptible mosquitoes refers to the mosquitoes knocked down after exposure to 1× deltamethrin
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 42
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 87
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- log transformation
- Statistical test
- Linear Regression
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- decreased
- Faith Phylogenetic diversity, takes into account phylogenetic distance of all taxa identified in a sample
- decreased
Signature 1
Needs review
Source: Table S5
Description: Differential abundance of taxa present in 2-3 day old Anopheles coluzzii (susceptible and control mosquitoes), as computed by Songbird.
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Susceptible mosquitoes (2 to 3 days old)
Revision editor(s): KateRasheed
Signature 2
Needs review
Source: Table S5
Description: Differential abundance of taxa present in 2-3 day old Anopheles coluzzii (susceptible and control mosquitoes), as computed by Songbird.
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Susceptible mosquitoes (2 to 3 days old)
Revision editor(s): KateRasheed
Experiment 5
Needs review
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Resistant mosquitoes (2 to 3 days old)
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 51
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
- Matched on Factors on which subjects have been matched on in a case-control study
- Not specified
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- decreased
- Faith Phylogenetic diversity, takes into account phylogenetic distance of all taxa identified in a sample
- decreased
Signature 1
Needs review
Source: Table S5
Description: Differential abundance of taxa present in 2-3 day old Anopheles coluzzii (susceptible and resistant mosquitoes), as computed by Songbird.
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Susceptible mosquitoes (2 to 3 days old)
Revision editor(s): KateRasheed
Signature 2
Needs review
Source: Table S5
Description: Differential abundance of taxa present in 2-3 day old Anopheles coluzzii (susceptible and resistant mosquitoes), as computed by Songbird.
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Susceptible mosquitoes (2 to 3 days old)
Revision editor(s): KateRasheed
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