A cross-sectional analysis about bacterial vaginosis, high-risk human papillomavirus infection, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Chinese women

Study information

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study design

cross-sectional observational, not case-control

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

35459771

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1038/s41598-022-10532-1

URI

Authors

Xu X, Zhang Y, Yu L, Shi X, Min M, Xiong L, Pan J, Liu P, Wu G, Gao G

Journal

Scientific reports

Year

2022

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a genital infection that frequently presents in women infected with human papillomavirus (HPV), but the correlation between BV, HPV and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) development is still elusive. We organized a cross-sectional analysis which enrolled 624 participants and obtained 423 samples of vaginal secretions from them, including 193 HPV-negative samples and 230 HR-HPV-positive samples. We used 16S rRNA sequencing to measure the vaginal microbiota diversity in women with different BV, HPV and CIN status, and then calculated risk factors for CIN by logistic regression. We found that the diversity of vaginal microbiota was significantly increased after BV, HPV and BV-infected CIN group. The Observed species and Chao1 index of H.C group showed little difference with normal group, while its Shannon index was considerable higher than normal group. L. iners enriched in HPV infection group compared with others significantly. BV (OR = 0.358; 95% CI = 0.195-0.656; P < .05) and HR-HPV infection (OR = 0.016; 95% CI = 0.004-0.072; P < .001) were risk factors for CIN. In conclusion, we consider BV as a risk factor for CIN. The enrichment of L. iners under HPV infection state may contribute to maintenance of vaginal dysbiosis, and BV infection could facilitate the disturb.

Experiment 1

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Subjects

Location of subjects: China

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.: Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Uterine cervix, Vaginal fluid

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Bacterial vaginosis BACT VAGINITIDES,BACT VAGINITIS,BACT VAGINOSES,BACT VAGINOSIS,Bacterial Vaginitides,Bacterial Vaginitis,Bacterial Vaginoses,bacterial vaginosis,BV,Nonspecific Vaginitis,VAGINITIDES BACT,Vaginitides, Bacterial,VAGINITIS BACT,Vaginitis, Bacterial,Vaginitis, Nonspecific,VAGINOSES BACT,Vaginoses, Bacterial,VAGINOSIS BACT,Vaginosis, Bacterial,Bacterial vaginosis

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Normal Healthy Women & High‑risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) Infected Women (HPV)

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) Infected Women

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Women attending the Aviation General hospital, located in Beijing, China, who were diagnosed with Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) Infection.

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 136

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 52

Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any): 1 month

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V3-V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).: relative abundances

Statistical test: LEfSe

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05

LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool: 4

Signature 1

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Curator: Joan Chuks

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Source: Figure 5A

Description: Bacterial Taxa differentially abundant in the vaginal microbiome of Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) Infected women compared to Normal healthy women & High‑risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) Infected Women as determined by LEfSe Analysis.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in

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Bacteroidales
Bacteroidia
Bacteroidota
Hoylesella timonensis
Prevotella
Prevotellaceae

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Experiment 2

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Subjects

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Normal Healthy Women & Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) Infected Women

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: High‑risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) Infected Women (HPV)

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Women attending the Aviation General hospital, located in Beijing, China, who were diagnosed with High‑risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection.

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 117

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 71

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Source: Figure 5A

Description: Bacterial Taxa differentially abundant in the vaginal microbiome of High‑risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) Infected Women compared to Normal healthy women & Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) Infected Women as determined by LEfSe Analysis.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in

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Lactobacillus iners

Revision editor(s): Joan Chuks, WikiWorks

Experiment 3

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Bacterial vaginosis BACT VAGINITIDES,BACT VAGINITIS,BACT VAGINOSES,BACT VAGINOSIS,Bacterial Vaginitides,Bacterial Vaginitis,Bacterial Vaginoses,bacterial vaginosis,BV,Nonspecific Vaginitis,VAGINITIDES BACT,Vaginitides, Bacterial,VAGINITIS BACT,Vaginitis, Bacterial,Vaginitis, Nonspecific,VAGINOSES BACT,Vaginoses, Bacterial,VAGINOSIS BACT,Vaginosis, Bacterial,Bacterial vaginosis

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Normal Healthy Women

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) infected women & High‑risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) (HPV) infected Women

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Women attending the Aviation General hospital, located in Beijing, China, who were diagnosed with Bacterial vaginosis (BV) infection and those diagnosed with High‑risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection.

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 65

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 123

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Source: Figure 5A

Description: Bacterial Taxa differentially abundant in the vaginal microbiome of Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) infected women and High‑risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infected women compared to Normal healthy women as determined by LEfSe Analysis.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Bacterial vaginosis (BV) infected women & High‑risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) (HPV) infected Women

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Bacilli
Bacillota
Lactobacillaceae
Lactobacillales
Lactobacillus

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Experiment 4

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Curated date: 2024/04/23

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Cervical Dysplasia,Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia,Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasm,Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasms,Cervix Intraepithelial Neoplasia,Cervix Uteri Intraepithelial Neoplasia,Intraepithelial Neoplasia of Cervix,Intraepithelial Neoplasia of Cervix Uteri,Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Cervix,Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Cervix Uteri,Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Uterine Cervix,Intraepithelial Neoplasia of Uterine Cervix,Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Cervical,Intraepithelial Neoplasm, Cervical,Intraepithelial Neoplasms, Cervical,NEOPL CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL,Neoplasia, Cervical Intraepithelial,Neoplasm, Cervical Intraepithelial,Neoplasms, Cervical Intraepithelial,Uterine Cervix Intraepithelial Neoplasia,cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: High‑risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) & Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia(CIN) co-infected women (HC)

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Women attending the Aviation General hospital, located in Beijing, China, who were diagnosed with infection of High‑risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) combined with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN).

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 48

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: increased

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: unchanged

Richness Number of species: unchanged

Experiment 5

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Bacterial vaginosis , Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia BACT VAGINITIDES,BACT VAGINITIS,BACT VAGINOSES,BACT VAGINOSIS,Bacterial Vaginitides,Bacterial Vaginitis,Bacterial Vaginoses,bacterial vaginosis,BV,Nonspecific Vaginitis,VAGINITIDES BACT,Vaginitides, Bacterial,VAGINITIS BACT,Vaginitis, Bacterial,Vaginitis, Nonspecific,VAGINOSES BACT,Vaginoses, Bacterial,VAGINOSIS BACT,Vaginosis, Bacterial,Bacterial vaginosis,Cervical Dysplasia,Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia,Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasm,Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasms,Cervix Intraepithelial Neoplasia,Cervix Uteri Intraepithelial Neoplasia,Intraepithelial Neoplasia of Cervix,Intraepithelial Neoplasia of Cervix Uteri,Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Cervix,Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Cervix Uteri,Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Uterine Cervix,Intraepithelial Neoplasia of Uterine Cervix,Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Cervical,Intraepithelial Neoplasm, Cervical,Intraepithelial Neoplasms, Cervical,NEOPL CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL,Neoplasia, Cervical Intraepithelial,Neoplasm, Cervical Intraepithelial,Neoplasms, Cervical Intraepithelial,Uterine Cervix Intraepithelial Neoplasia,cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Bacteial Vaginosis (BV) & High‑risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia(CIN) co-infected women (BHC)

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Women attending the Aviation General hospital, located in Beijing, China, who were diagnosed with co-infection of Bacteial Vaginosis (BV) & High‑risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in combination with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN).

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 46

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: increased

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: increased

Richness Number of species: increased

Experiment 6

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Cervical Dysplasia,Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia,Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasm,Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasms,Cervix Intraepithelial Neoplasia,Cervix Uteri Intraepithelial Neoplasia,Intraepithelial Neoplasia of Cervix,Intraepithelial Neoplasia of Cervix Uteri,Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Cervix,Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Cervix Uteri,Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Uterine Cervix,Intraepithelial Neoplasia of Uterine Cervix,Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Cervical,Intraepithelial Neoplasm, Cervical,Intraepithelial Neoplasms, Cervical,NEOPL CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL,Neoplasia, Cervical Intraepithelial,Neoplasm, Cervical Intraepithelial,Neoplasms, Cervical Intraepithelial,Uterine Cervix Intraepithelial Neoplasia,cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) Infected Women

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: High‑risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) & Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia(CIN) co-infected women (HC)

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Women attending the Aviation General hospital, located in Beijing, China, who were diagnosed with infection of High‑risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) combined with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN).

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 52

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 48

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: decreased

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: decreased

Richness Number of species: decreased

Experiment 7

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Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: High‑risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) Infected Women (HPV)

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 71

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: increased

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: decreased

Richness Number of species: decreased

Experiment 8

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Subjects

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Bacterial vaginosis BACT VAGINITIDES,BACT VAGINITIS,BACT VAGINOSES,BACT VAGINOSIS,Bacterial Vaginitides,Bacterial Vaginitis,Bacterial Vaginoses,bacterial vaginosis,BV,Nonspecific Vaginitis,VAGINITIDES BACT,Vaginitides, Bacterial,VAGINITIS BACT,Vaginitis, Bacterial,Vaginitis, Nonspecific,VAGINOSES BACT,Vaginoses, Bacterial,VAGINOSIS BACT,Vaginosis, Bacterial,Bacterial vaginosis

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and High‑risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) (HPV) co-infected Women (BH)

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 60

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: increased

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: increased

Richness Number of species: increased

Experiment 9

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Subjects

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Bacterial vaginosis , Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia BACT VAGINITIDES,BACT VAGINITIS,BACT VAGINOSES,BACT VAGINOSIS,Bacterial Vaginitides,Bacterial Vaginitis,Bacterial Vaginoses,bacterial vaginosis,BV,Nonspecific Vaginitis,VAGINITIDES BACT,Vaginitides, Bacterial,VAGINITIS BACT,Vaginitis, Bacterial,Vaginitis, Nonspecific,VAGINOSES BACT,Vaginoses, Bacterial,VAGINOSIS BACT,Vaginosis, Bacterial,Bacterial vaginosis,Cervical Dysplasia,Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia,Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasm,Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasms,Cervix Intraepithelial Neoplasia,Cervix Uteri Intraepithelial Neoplasia,Intraepithelial Neoplasia of Cervix,Intraepithelial Neoplasia of Cervix Uteri,Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Cervix,Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Cervix Uteri,Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Uterine Cervix,Intraepithelial Neoplasia of Uterine Cervix,Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Cervical,Intraepithelial Neoplasm, Cervical,Intraepithelial Neoplasms, Cervical,NEOPL CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL,Neoplasia, Cervical Intraepithelial,Neoplasm, Cervical Intraepithelial,Neoplasms, Cervical Intraepithelial,Uterine Cervix Intraepithelial Neoplasia,cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: High‑risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) Infected Women (HPV)

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Bacteial Vaginosis (BV) & High‑risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia(CIN) co-infected women (BHC)

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Women attending the Aviation General hospital, located in Beijing, China, who were diagnosed with with co-infection of Bacteial Vaginosis (BV) & High‑risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in combination with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN).

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 71

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 46

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: increased

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: increased

Richness Number of species: increased

Experiment 10

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: High‑risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) & Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia(CIN) co-infected women (HC)

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 48

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: increased

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: increased

Richness Number of species: increased

Experiment 11

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Subjects

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Bacterial vaginosis BACT VAGINITIDES,BACT VAGINITIS,BACT VAGINOSES,BACT VAGINOSIS,Bacterial Vaginitides,Bacterial Vaginitis,Bacterial Vaginoses,bacterial vaginosis,BV,Nonspecific Vaginitis,VAGINITIDES BACT,Vaginitides, Bacterial,VAGINITIS BACT,Vaginitis, Bacterial,Vaginitis, Nonspecific,VAGINOSES BACT,Vaginoses, Bacterial,VAGINOSIS BACT,Vaginosis, Bacterial,Bacterial vaginosis

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Normal Healthy Women

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) Infected Women

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Women attending the Aviation General hospital, located in Beijing, China, who were diagnosed with Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) Infection.

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 65

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 52

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).: Not specified

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: increased

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: increased

Richness Number of species: increased

Experiment 12

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Curated date: 2024/05/17

Curator: Joan Chuks

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: High‑risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) Infected Women (HPV)

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Women attending the Aviation General hospital, located in Beijing, China, who were diagnosed with High‑risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection.

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 71

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: increased

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: increased

Richness Number of species: increased

Experiment 13

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Bacterial vaginosis BACT VAGINITIDES,BACT VAGINITIS,BACT VAGINOSES,BACT VAGINOSIS,Bacterial Vaginitides,Bacterial Vaginitis,Bacterial Vaginoses,bacterial vaginosis,BV,Nonspecific Vaginitis,VAGINITIDES BACT,Vaginitides, Bacterial,VAGINITIS BACT,Vaginitis, Bacterial,Vaginitis, Nonspecific,VAGINOSES BACT,Vaginoses, Bacterial,VAGINOSIS BACT,Vaginosis, Bacterial,Bacterial vaginosis

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and High‑risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) (HPV) co-infected Women (BH)

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Women attending the Aviation General hospital, located in Beijing, China, who were diagnosed with co-infection of Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and High‑risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV).