Alterations of Gut Microbiome and Fecal Fatty Acids in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Central China

Study information

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study design

case-control

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

35847083

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.3389/fmicb.2022.911992

URI Uniform resource identifier for web resources.

Authors

Li G, Liu Z, Ren F, Shi H, Zhao Q, Song Y, Fan X, Ma X, Qin G

Journal

Frontiers in microbiology

Year

2022

Keywords:

16S rRNA gene sequencing, fecal fatty acids, gut microbiome, polycystic ovary syndrome, untargeted metabolomics

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the characteristics of the gut microbiome in patients with Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and analyze the alterations of fecal fatty acid metabolism, so as to further provide the pathogenesis of PCOS. METHODS: Fecal samples from the PCOS group (n = 31) and healthy control group (n = 27) were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. Peripheral venous blood was collected to measure serum inflammation and intestinal permeability. Finally, the correlation analysis of intestinal flora, fecal metabolites, and laboratory indicators was carried out. RESULTS: Serum D-lactate content in the PCOS group was higher than that in the control group. There was no significant difference in microbial α diversity and β diversity between PCOS patients and healthy controls. Peptostreptococcaceae and Bacteroidales S24-7 group existed significant differences between PCOS patients and healthy controls. Based on linear discriminant analysis selection, 14 genera including Klebsiella, Enterobacteriaceae, and Gammaproteobacteria were dominant in patients with PCOS, while 4 genera, including rumenococcus (Ruminocaccaceae UCG 013), prewortella (Prevotellaceae UCG 001), and erysipelas (Erysipelatoclostridium), were dominant in healthy controls. Compared with PCOS with Body mass index (BMI) < 24, patients with BMI ≥ 24 have multiple dominant genera including Abiotrophia and Peptostreptococcaceae. Moreover, serum levels of free testosterone and androstenedione were positively correlated with Megamonas, while total testosterone was negatively correlated with Alistipes. Additionally, fecal contents of acetic acid and propionic acid in patients with PCOS were significantly higher than those in healthy controls. Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group and Alistipes were positively correlated with 6 kinds of fatty acids. CONCLUSION: Specific intestinal flora fecal fatty acids and serum metabolites may mediate the occurrence and development of PCOS. PCOS patients with different body sizes have specific intestinal flora.

Experiment 1

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Curated date: 2025/05/18

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Subjects

Location of subjects

China

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.

Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology

Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology

Polycystic ovary syndrome Cystic disease of ovaries,hyperandrogenemia,Multicystic ovaries,multicystic ovaries,Ovarian Degeneration, Sclerocystic,Ovarian Syndrome, Polycystic,Ovarian Syndromes, Polycystic,Ovaries, Sclerocystic,Ovary Syndrome, Polycystic,Ovary, Sclerocystic,PCO - Polycystic ovaries,Pco1,PCOD - Polycystic ovarian disease,PCOS,Pcos,PCOS - Polycystic ovarian syndrome,PCOS1,Polycystic ovarian disease,polycystic ovarian disease,Polycystic ovarian syndrome,Polycystic ovaries,polycystic ovaries,Polycystic ovaries (disorder),polycystic ovary,polycystic ovary syndrome,polycystic ovary syndrome 1,Sclerocystic Ovarian Degeneration,Sclerocystic Ovaries,Sclerocystic Ovary,Sclerocystic Ovary Syndrome,Stein Leventhal Syndrome,Stein-Leventhal synd.,Stein-Leventhal Syndrome,Stein-Leventhal syndrome,Syndrome, Polycystic Ovary,Syndrome, Stein-Leventhal,Polycystic ovary syndrome

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Healthy Control

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Women diagnosed with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) according to the Rotterdam criteria

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group

27

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group

31

Lab analysis

Sequencing type

16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene

V3-V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance

Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).

relative abundances

Statistical test

LEfSe

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)

0.05

MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?

No

LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool

2

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness

unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness

unchanged

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness

unchanged

Signature 1

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Curated date: 2025/05/18

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Source: Figure 5A,B

Description: LefSe analysis showing differentially abundant taxa between Healthy control and Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Citrobacter
Dorea
Gammaproteobacteria
Intestinibacter
Klebsiella
Peptostreptococcaceae
Weissella
[Ruminococcus] torques
unclassified Enterobacteriaceae
unclassified Peptostreptococcaceae
norank_Bacteriodales S24-7norank_Bacteriodales S24-7
Prevotellaceae NK3B31 groupPrevotellaceae NK3B31 group
Bacteriodales S24-7 groupBacteriodales S24-7 group

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Signature 2

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Revision editor(s): Ese, Chloe

Source: Figure 5A,B

Description: LefSe analysis showing differentially abundant taxa between Healthy control and Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Howardella
Prevotellaceae UCG-001Prevotellaceae UCG-001
Ruminococcaceae UCG-013Ruminococcaceae UCG-013

Revision editor(s): Ese, Chloe

Experiment 2

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology

Abnormal circulating hormone concentration Abnormal circulating hormone level,Abnormality of circulating hormone level,Abnormal circulating hormone concentration,abnormal circulating hormone concentration

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

(PCOST) PCOS patients with normal testosterone levels (serum TT < 2.39 nmol/L)

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

(PCOSF) PCOS patients with elevated free testosterone levels (serum FT > 2.39 nmol/L)

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Participants were categorized into this subgroup based on serum androgen levels as part of a stratification of PCOS phenotypes.

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group

17

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group

14

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness

unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness

unchanged

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness

unchanged

Signature 1

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Curated date: 2025/06/03

Curator: Ese

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Source: Supplementary Figure 4A, 4B

Description: Lesfe sequencing analysis showing significantly abundant bacterial groups and dominant flora between PCOSF and PCOS

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in (PCOSF) PCOS patients with elevated free testosterone levels (serum FT > 2.39 nmol/L)

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Abiotrophia
Aerococcaceae
Bacilli
Granulicatella
Lactobacillales
Peptostreptococcaceae
Slackia
Sutterella
Veillonellaceae
Clostridium Sensu Stricto 1Clostridium Sensu Stricto 1
Clostridiaceae 1Clostridiaceae 1
Coprococcus 3Coprococcus 3
Carnobacteriaceae

Revision editor(s): Ese

Signature 2

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Curated date: 2025/06/04

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Source: Supplementary Figure 4A, 4B

Description: Lesfe sequencing analysis showing significantly abundant bacterial groups and dominant flora between PCOSF and PCOS

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in (PCOSF) PCOS patients with elevated free testosterone levels (serum FT > 2.39 nmol/L)

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Candidatus Soleaferrea
[Eubacterium] hallii_group[Eubacterium] hallii_group
ErysipelatoclostridiumErysipelatoclostridium
Lachnospiraceae FCS020_groupLachnospiraceae FCS020_group

Revision editor(s): Ese