Association of cigarette smoking with oral bacterial microbiota and cardiometabolic health in Chinese adults

Study information

Needs review

study design

case-control

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

37978427

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1186/s12866-023-03061-y

URI

Authors

Huang Q, Wu X, Zhou X, Sun Z, Shen J, Kong M, Chen N, Qiu JG, Jiang BH, Yuan C, Zheng Y

Journal

BMC microbiology

Year

2023

Keywords:

Cardiometabolic health, Chinese adults, Cigarette, Oral microbiome, Smoking

The interplay among cigarette smoking status, oral microbiota, and cardiometabolic health is poorly understood. We aimed to examine the association of cigarette smoking status with oral microbiota and to assess the association of the identified microbial features with cardiometabolic risk factors in a Chinese population. This study included 587 participants within the Central China Cohort, including 111 smokers and 476 non-smokers, and their oral microbiota was profiled by 16S rRNA sequencing. Both oral microbial alpha- and beta-diversity were distinct between smokers and non-smokers (p < 0.05). With adjustment for sociodemographics, alcohol and tea drinking, tooth brushing frequency, and body mass index, the relative abundance of nine genera and 26 pathways, including the genus Megasphaera and two pathways involved in inositol degradation which have potentially adverse effects on cardiometabolic health, was significantly different between two groups (FDR q < 0.20). Multiple microbial features related to cigarette smoking were found to partly mediate the associations of cigarette smoking with serum triglycerides and C-reactive protein levels (p-mediation < 0.05). In conclusion, cigarette smoking status may have impacts on the oral microbial features, which may partially mediate the associations of cigarette smoking and cardiometabolic health.

Experiment 1

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Curated date: 2025/03/06

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Subjects

Location of subjects: China

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.: Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Saliva Sailva normalis,Saliva atomaris,Saliva molecularis,Salivary gland secretion,Saliva,saliva

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Smoking status measurement Smoking status measurement,smoking status measurement

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Non-smokers

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Smokers

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Participants who smoked one or more cigarettes every three days for at least 6 consecutive months were classified as smokers.

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 476

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 111

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).: relative abundances

Statistical test: Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon)

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05

MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: No

Alpha Diversity

Pielou Quantifies how equal the community is numerically: increased

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: increased

Richness Number of species: increased

Faith Phylogenetic diversity, takes into account phylogenetic distance of all taxa identified in a sample: increased

Signature 1

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Curated date: 2025/03/06

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Source: Table S1, Figure 1B, Table S3

Description: Phylum and genus level composition of the oral microbiome by cigarette smoking status between non-smokers and smokers group.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Smokers

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Actinomyces
Actinomycetota
Anaeroglobus
Atopobium
Bacillota
Dialister
Howardella
Megasphaera
Rothia
Romboutsia

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Signature 2

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Source: Table S1, Figure 1B, Table S3

Description: Phylum and genus level composition of the oral microbiome by cigarette smoking status between non-smokers and smokers group.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Smokers

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Pseudomonadota
Johnsonella

Revision editor(s): Tosin

Experiment 2

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).: arcsine square-root

Statistical test: MaAsLin2

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.20

MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: Yes

Confounders controlled for Confounding factors that have been accounted for by stratification or model adjustment: age, alcohol drinking, body mass index, education level, sex, Confounders controlled for: "personal annual income" is not in the list (abnormal glucose tolerance, acetaldehyde, acute graft vs. host disease, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, adenoma, age, AIDS, alcohol consumption measurement, alcohol drinking, ...) of allowed values.personal annual income, Confounders controlled for: "tea drinking" is not in the list (abnormal glucose tolerance, acetaldehyde, acute graft vs. host disease, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, adenoma, age, AIDS, alcohol consumption measurement, alcohol drinking, ...) of allowed values.tea drinking, Confounders controlled for: "daily tooth brushing frequency" is not in the list (abnormal glucose tolerance, acetaldehyde, acute graft vs. host disease, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, adenoma, age, AIDS, alcohol consumption measurement, alcohol drinking, ...) of allowed values.daily tooth brushing frequency