Characteristics of Oral-Gut Microbiota in Model Rats with CUMS-Induced Depression

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-4-7

study design

laboratory experiment

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

38344423

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.2147/NDT.S448940

URI

Authors

Li Y, Liu P

Journal

Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment

Year

2024

Keywords:

16SrRNA sequencing, gut microbiota, major depressive disorder, oral microbiota

PURPOSE: The diversity and composition of the oral and gut microbiota of depressed rats were analyzed to explore the microbiological etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS: The depressed rat model was established by inducing chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). After the establishment of the model, body weight measurements and behavioral tests were conducted. The diversity and composition of oral and gut microbiota were analyzed using 16SrRNA sequencing. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the alpha and beta diversity of the oral microbiota of rats in the CUMS and control groups. The top three most abundant genera in the oral microbiota were Rothia, Psychrobacter, and Streptococcus. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis showed that the abundance of Rothia decreased and that of Psychrotrophs increased in the CUMS group, and the differences were statistically significant. The top three most abundant genera in the gut microbiota were Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus and Oscillospira. LEfSe analysis showed that the abundance of Ruminococcus decreased in the CUMS group, and the difference was statistically significant. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to analyze the differential microbiota and depression-like behavior, which showed that differential microbiota significantly correlated with body weight, total distance traveled, average speed, and number of rearing. Spearman correlation analysis of oral and gut differential microbiota demonstrated a strong positive correlation between Facklamia in the oral cavity and Enterococcus, Streptococcus in the intestine (r=0.64-0.73, P<0.01); along with a strong negative correlation between Desulfovibrio in the oral cavity and Enterococcus, Turicibacter in the intestine(r=-0.51--0.72, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Significant differences were observed in the diversity and composition of oral and gut microbiota between the CUMS depression model and control groups. Modulating the oral and gut microbiota may have positive effects on MDD.

Experiment 1

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Curated date: 2025/04/02

Curator: Francisca

Revision editor(s): Francisca, Montana-D

Subjects

Location of subjects

China

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.

Rattus norvegicus

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology

Oral cavity Bucca,Buccal cavity,Cavity of mouth,Oral cavity,oral cavity

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology

Major depressive disorder major depression,major depressive disorder,recurrent major depression,single major depressive episode,unipolar depression,Major depressive disorder

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Control group (Rats without CUMS - induced depression

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

CUMS group (Rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress- induced depression)

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

This group consisted of rats subjected to a Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS) protocol to induce depressive-like symptoms.

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group

10

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group

10

Lab analysis

Sequencing type

16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene

V3-V4

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).

relative abundances

Statistical test

LEfSe

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)

0.05

LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool

3

Alpha Diversity

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness

increased

Richness Number of species

increased

Signature 1

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Revision editor(s): Montana-D, Francisca

Source: Figure 5A

Description: Comparison of oral microbiota composition between between CUMS-induced depressed rats and control rats.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in CUMS group (Rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress- induced depression)

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Aerococcus
Akkermansia
Arthrobacter
Bacteroidaceae
Bacteroides
Desulfovibrio
Gammaproteobacteria
Isobaculum
Lactococcus
Moraxellaceae
Pseudomonadales
Pseudomonadota
Psychrobacter
Verrucomicrobiaceae
Verrucomicrobiales
Verrucomicrobiia
Verrucomicrobiota
ExiguobacteraceaeExiguobacteraceae

Revision editor(s): Montana-D, Francisca

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Source: Figure 5A

Description: Comparison of oral microbiota composition between CUMS-induced depressed rats and control rats

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in CUMS group (Rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress- induced depression)

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Actinomycetales
Actinomycetes
Actinomycetota
Facklamia
Micrococcaceae
Paracoccus
Rhodobacterales
Rothia
Stenotrophomonas
Vibrio
Vibrionaceae
Vibrionales
Paracoccaceae

Revision editor(s): Montana-D, Francisca

Experiment 2

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Curated date: 2025/04/02

Curator: Francisca

Revision editor(s): Francisca, Montana-D

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology

Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness

unchanged

Richness Number of species

unchanged

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Source: Figure 5B

Description: Comparison of gut microbiota between CUMS-induced depressed rats and control rats.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in CUMS group (Rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress- induced depression)

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Butyricicoccus
rc4_4rc4_4

Revision editor(s): Montana-D

Signature 2

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Source: Figure 5B

Description: Comparison of gut microbiota between CUMS-induced depressed rats and control rats

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in CUMS group (Rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress- induced depression)

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Enterococcaceae
Enterococcaceae bacterium RF39
Enterococcus
Erysipelotrichales
Mollicutes
Streptococcaceae
Streptococcus
Turicibacter
Turicibacteraceae
Mycoplasmatota
TuricibateralesTuricibaterales

Revision editor(s): Montana-D, Francisca

Experiment 3

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Curated date: 2025/04/04

Curator: Francisca

Revision editor(s): Francisca, Montana-D

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology

Feces , Oral cavity Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces,Bucca,Buccal cavity,Cavity of mouth,Oral cavity,oral cavity

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Lower body weight

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Increased body weight

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) exhibiting increased body weight and altered oral and gut microbiota profiles.

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group

Not specified

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group

Not specified

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Statistical test

Spearman Correlation

LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool

Not specified

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Source: Figure 6

Description: Differentially abundant bacteria between oral and gut flora with respect to their body weight indicator

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Increased body weight

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Rothia
Facklamia
Vibrio
Enterococcus
Streptococcus

Revision editor(s): Montana-D

Signature 2

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Source: Figure 6

Description: Differentially abundant bacteria between oral and gut flora with respect to their body weight indicator

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Increased body weight

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Psychrobacter
Aerococcus
Desulfovibrio
Lactococcus

Revision editor(s): Montana-D

Experiment 4

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Curated date: 2025/04/04

Curator: Francisca

Revision editor(s): Francisca

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Higher sucrose preference

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Lower sucrose preference

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) exhibiting reduced sucrose preference, indicative of anhedonia and depression-like behavior

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

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Source: Figure 6

Description: Differentially abundant bacteria between oral and gut flora with respect to their sucrose preference indicator

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Lower sucrose preference

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Vibrio

Revision editor(s): Montana-D

Experiment 5

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Curated date: 2025/04/04

Curator: Francisca

Revision editor(s): Francisca, Montana-D

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Higher total distance traveled

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Lower total distance traveled

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) exhibiting reduced locomotor activity, indicative of depression-like behavior.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Source: Figure 6

Description: Differentially abundant bacteria between oral and gut flora with respect to their Total distance indicator

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Lower total distance traveled

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Aerococcus
Psychrobacter

Revision editor(s): Montana-D

Signature 2

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Curated date: 2025/04/05

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Source: Figure 6

Description: Differentially abundant bacteria between oral and gut flora with respect to their Total distance indicator

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Lower total distance traveled

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Rothia
Facklamia
Vibrio
Enterococcus
Streptococcus

Revision editor(s): Francisca

Experiment 6

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Curated date: 2025/04/04

Curator: Francisca

Revision editor(s): Francisca, Montana-D

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Higher mean speed

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Lower mean speed

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) displaying reduced average movement speed, indicative of depression-like behavior.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Source: Figure 6

Description: Differentially abundant bacteria between oral and gut flora with respect to their Mean speed indicator

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Lower mean speed

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Psychrobacter
Aerococcus

Revision editor(s): Montana-D

Signature 2

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Curator: Francisca

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Source: Figure 6

Description: Differentially abundant bacteria between oral and gut flora with respect to their Mean speed indicator

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Lower mean speed

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Rothia
Facklamia
Vibrio
Enterococcus
Streptococcus

Revision editor(s): Francisca

Experiment 7

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-4-7

Curated date: 2025/04/04

Curator: Francisca

Revision editor(s): Francisca

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies

Higher number of rearing events

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies

Lower number of rearing events

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group

Rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) exhibiting reduced exploratory behavior, as indicated by fewer rearing events, consistent with depression-like symptoms.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-4-7

Curated date: 2025/04/05

Curator: Francisca

Revision editor(s): Francisca

Source: Figure 6

Description: Differentially abundant bacteria between oral and gut flora with respect to their Number of rearing indicator

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Lower number of rearing events

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Psychrobacter
Aerococcus

Revision editor(s): Francisca

Signature 2

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Curated date: 2025/04/05

Curator: Francisca

Revision editor(s): Francisca

Source: Figure 6

Description: Differentially abundant bacteria between oral and gut flora with respect to their Number of rearing indicator

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Lower number of rearing events

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Rothia
Facklamia
Vibrio
Enterococcus
Streptococcus

Revision editor(s): Francisca