Short-term pectin-enriched smoothie consumption has beneficial effects on the gut microbiota of low-fiber consumers

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Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI Uniform resource identifier for web resources.
Authors
Pihelgas S, Ehala-Aleksejev K, Kuldjärv R, Jõeleht A, Kazantseva J, Adamberg K
Journal
FEMS microbes
Year
2024
Keywords:
16S rRNA sequencing, dietary fibre, gut microbiota, intervention trial, pectin
Adequate consumption of fiber has a positive effect on health. The crossover study examined the effect of a pectin-enriched smoothie on gut microbiota and health parameters. During 3 weeks, 31 adults consumed two smoothies (11.6 or 4.8 g of fiber/day), alternating with washout periods in different order. At the end of each period, weekly food diaries, blood samples, and stool microbiota were collected. Changes in the microbiota during smoothie consumption were associated with baseline fiber intake. A greater proportion of up- (Lachnospira, Colidextribacter, and Bacteroides) or down-shifts (Streptococcus, Holdemanella) was observed in low-fiber (n = 22) compared to high-fiber consumers (n = 9). In both groups, the pectin-enriched smoothie reduced the number of the Ruminococcus torques group bacteria. Our results showed that the short-term approach is effective to estimate relationships between food components and gut bacteria.

Experiment 1


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Curated date: 2025/04/28

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Subjects

Location of subjects
Estonia
Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
Homo sapiens
Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
Diet measurement Diet measurement,diet measurement
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Baseline
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
After high pectin smoothie (HPect)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Participants who consumed a higher amount of dietary fiber, especially pectin smoothies first.
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
17
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
17
Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
3 Months

Lab analysis

Sequencing type
16S
16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
V4
Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
relative abundances
Statistical test
Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon)
Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
0.05


Signature 1

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Source: Fig 2

Description: Bacterial up-and down shifts after smoothie periods and recoveries of abundance after WO periods. During the intervention, group 1 consumed first pectin-enriched smoothie (HPect) followed by washout (WO HPect), and consumption of the control smoothie (LPect) with washout ()WO Lpect.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in After high pectin smoothie (HPect)

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Lachnospira

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Signature 2

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Source: Fig 2

Description: Bacterial up-and down shifts after smoothie periods and recoveries of abundance after WO periods. During the intervention, group 1 consumed first pectin-enriched smoothie (HPect) followed by washout (WO HPect), and consumption of the control smoothie (LPect) with washout (WO Lpect).

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in After high pectin smoothie (HPect)

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Coprococcus
Ruminococcus torques groupRuminococcus torques group
Dorea

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Experiment 2


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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
High-fiber intake group (HF)
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Low-fiber intake group (LF)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Participants who regularly consumed (<23g) less than 23g of dietary fiber per day.
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
9
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
22
Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
3 Months.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Source: Fig 3B

Description: At lower levels of abundance, four genera show the difference between LF and HF intake groups in the base period.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Low-fiber intake group (LF)

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Coprococcus
Lactococcus
Akkermansia
Cloacibacillus

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Signature 2

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Source: Fig. 4A, Supplementary Table S3 and S4

Description: Altered genera in LF intake group. The pairwise comparison was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for statistical analysis to compare LPect and HPect effects on base period microbiota at the genus level (*P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, ns—not significant).

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Low-fiber intake group (LF)

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Lachnospira
Bacteroides

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Experiment 3


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Curated date: 2025/04/28

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Low Fiber intake group (Baseline LF)
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
After high pectin smoothie (Low Fiber intake group (HPect))
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Participants who consumed a higher amount of dietary fiber, especially pectin.
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
22

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Curated date: 2025/04/28

Curator: Shulamite

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Source: 4A, 4C, Supplementary Table S3 and S4

Description: Altered genera in LF intake group. The pairwise comparison was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for statistical analysis to compare LPect and HPect effects on base period microbiota at the genus level

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in After high pectin smoothie (Low Fiber intake group (HPect))

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Coprococcus
Dorea
Enterococcus
Evtepia
Holdemania
Lactococcus
Streptococcus
Subdoligranulum
Eubacterium fissicatena groupEubacterium fissicatena group

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Signature 2

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Curated date: 2025/05/01

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Source: 4B, 4C, Supplementary Table S3 and S4

Description: Altered genera in LF intake group. The pairwise comparison was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for statistical analysis to compare LPect and HPect effects on base period microbiota at the genus level.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in After high pectin smoothie (Low Fiber intake group (HPect))

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Lachnospira
Bacteroides

Revision editor(s): Shulamite

Experiment 4


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Curated date: 2025/04/28

Curator: Shulamite

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Low Fiber intake (LF baseline)
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Low Fiber intake (LF LPect)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Participants who consumed smoothies with a low amount of dietary fiber. Especially pectin.
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
14
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
14

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

Needs review

Curated date: 2025/04/28

Curator: Shulamite

Revision editor(s): Shulamite

Source: Fig. 4B, 4C, Supplementary Table S3 and S4

Description: Altered genera in LF intake group. The pairwise comparison was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for statistical analysis to compare LPect and HPect effects on base period microbiota at the genus level.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Low Fiber intake (LF LPect)

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Clostridium sp. CAG:352
Colidextribacter
Oxalobacter

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Signature 2

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Curated date: 2025/04/28

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Source: Fig. 4B, 4C, Supplementary Table S3 and S4

Description: Altered genera in LF intake group. The pairwise comparison was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for statistical analysis to compare LPect and HPect effects on base period microbiota at the genus level

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Low Fiber intake (LF LPect)

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Holdemania
Merdibacter
Peptococcus
Streptococcus
Turicibacter
Defluviitaleaceae_UCG-011Defluviitaleaceae_UCG-011
UCG-009UCG-009

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Experiment 5


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Curated date: 2025/04/28

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
High-fiber intake group (HF baseline)
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
High-fiber intake group (HF HPect)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Participants who consumed smoothies with high amounts of fiber, especially pectin.
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
17
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
17
Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
3 Months

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

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Curated date: 2025/04/28

Curator: Shulamite

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Source: 5A, 5C, Supplementary Table S3 and S4

Description: Altered genera in the HF intake group. The pairwise comparison was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for statistical analysis to compare LPect and HPect effects on base period microbiota at the genus level.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in High-fiber intake group (HF HPect)

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Lachnoclostridium
Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_groupLachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group
Parasutterella

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Signature 2

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Curated date: 2025/04/28

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Source: Fig. 5A, 5C, Supplementary Table S3 and S4

Description: Altered genera in the HF intake group. The pairwise comparison was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for statistical analysis to compare LPect and HPect effects on base period microbiota at the genus level.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in High-fiber intake group (HF HPect)

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Anaerostipes
Ruminococcus

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Experiment 6


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Curated date: 2025/04/28

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
High-fiber intake group (HF LPect)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Participant who consumes a high amount of dietary with low pectin.
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
9
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
9
Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
3 Months.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

Needs review

Curated date: 2025/04/28

Curator: Shulamite

Revision editor(s): Shulamite

Source: Fig. 5A, 5C, Supplementary Table S3 and S4

Description: Altered genera in the HF intake group. The pairwise comparison was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for statistical analysis to compare LPect and HPect effects on base period microbiota at the genus level.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in High-fiber intake group (HF LPect)

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Bilophila

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Signature 2

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Source: Fig. 5B, 5C, Supplementary Table S3 and S4

Description: Altered genera in the HF intake group. The pairwise comparison was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for statistical analysis to compare LPect and HPect effects on base period microbiota at the genus level.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in High-fiber intake group (HF LPect)

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Agathobacter
Ruminococcus

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Experiment 7


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Curated date: 2025/04/28

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Low fiber intake (Baseline)
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Low fiber intake After (LPect)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Participants who consumed smoothies with a low amount of fiber, especially pectin.
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
14
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
14

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

Needs review

Curated date: 2025/04/28

Curator: Shulamite

Revision editor(s): Shulamite

Source: Fig. 6, Supplementary Table S3 and S4

Description: Altered genera in both groups. The pairwise comparison was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for statistical analysis to compare LPect and HPect effects on base period microbiota at the genus level

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Low fiber intake After (LPect)

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Oscillibacter
Paraprevotella

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Signature 2

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Curated date: 2025/04/28

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Source: Fig. 6, Supplementary Table S3 and S4

Description: Altered genera in both groups. The pairwise comparison was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for statistical analysis to compare LPect and HPect effects on base period microbiota at the genus level.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Low fiber intake After (LPect)

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Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-003Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-003
Eubacterium ventriosum groupEubacterium ventriosum group

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Experiment 8


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Curated date: 2025/04/28

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
High-fiber intake group (HF baseline)
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
High-fiber intake group after HPect(HF HPect)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Participants who consumed a high amount of dietary fiber, especially pectin.
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
17
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
17

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

Needs review

Curated date: 2025/04/28

Curator: Shulamite

Revision editor(s): Shulamite

Source: Fig. 6, Supplementary Table S3 and S4

Description: Altered genera in both groups. The pairwise comparison was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for statistical analysis to compare LPect and HPect effects on base period microbiota at the genus level.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in High-fiber intake group after HPect(HF HPect)

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Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-003Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-003
Ruminococcus torques groupRuminococcus torques group

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Experiment 9


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Curated date: 2025/04/30

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Washout (WO-HPect)
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
LPect
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Participants who consumed a low amount of dietary fiber, especially pectin smoothies first.
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
14
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
14

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

Needs review

Curated date: 2025/04/30

Curator: Shulamite

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Source: Fig. 2

Description: Bacterial up- and down-shifts after smoothie periods and recoveries of abundances after WO periods. Box plots are arranged in period order. Base period characterizes microbiota before the intervention. During the intervention, group 1 consumed first pectin-enriched smoothie (HPect), followed by washout (WO HPect), and consumption of control smoothie (LPect) with washout (WO LPect).

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in LPect

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Coprococcus

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Experiment 10


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Curated date: 2025/04/30

Curator: Shulamite

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Washout WO-Hpect
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
HPect
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Participants who consumed a high amount of dietary fiber, especially pectin.
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
17
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
17
Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
3 Months

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

Needs review

Curated date: 2025/04/30

Curator: Shulamite

Revision editor(s): Shulamite

Source: Fig. 2

Description: Bacterial up- and down-shifts after smoothie periods and recoveries of abundances after WO periods. Box plots are arranged in period order. Base period characterizes microbiota before the intervention. During the intervention, group 1 consumed first pectin-enriched smoothie (HPect), followed by washout (WO HPect),

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in HPect

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Lachnospira

Revision editor(s): Shulamite