Assessment of lower respiratory tract microbiota associated with pulmonary tuberculosis in children

From BugSigDB
Needs review
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI Uniform resource identifier for web resources.
Authors
Yang X, Jiao W, Zeng X, Yu J, Xiao J, Jiang T, Tang H, Bi J, Chen Y, Li X, Chen W, Chen Y, Shen A, Sun L
Journal
Pediatric pulmonology
Year
2024
Keywords:
child, lower respiratory tract, respiratory microbiota, tuberculosis
BACKGROUND: The respiratory microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of tuberculosis (TB). While existing research has underscored imbalances in the respiratory microbiota of adult patients with TB, information regarding the lower respiratory tract (LRT) microbiota in pediatric patients with TB remains scarce. METHODS: We employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology to investigate the LRT microbial communities of 85 children of different ages with active TB of different severities, 33 children with infectious diseases other than TB, and 48 sex- and age-matched healthy children. RESULTS: A marked imbalance in the respiratory microbiota was observed in children with TB, highlighted by reduced alpha diversity and a distinct microbial community structure. Comparative analysis indicated that patients with severe TB exhibited lower Neisseria levels than those with non-severe TB (1.01% vs. 3.93%, respectively; p = .02). Streptococcus and Gemella levels were lower in bacteriologically confirmed TB cases compared with clinically diagnosed cases, and higher in healthy children younger than 10 years old than in the older group. Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated significant associations between the microbiota of the LRT and cytokine concentrations in the sputum of children with TB (e.g., an inverse correlation between Veillonella and interleukin-17A). CONCLUSIONS: TB induced significant dysbiosis in the LRT microbiota of children that was associated with disease severity and the immunological response in the respiratory tract. Our findings may offer a deeper understanding of the role of the respiratory microbiome in TB pathogenesis and progression.

Experiment 1


Needs review

Curated date: 2025/07/28

Curator: Nuerteye

Revision editor(s): Nuerteye

Subjects

Location of subjects
China
Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
Homo sapiens
Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
Sputum Expectoration,Sputum,sputum
Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
Pulmonary tuberculosis lung TB,lung tuberculosis,pulmonary TB,pulmonary tuberculosis,Tuberculosis, Pulmonary,Pulmonary tuberculosis
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
non severe group TB (DC group)
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Active pulmonary tuberculosis (severe TB)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
children with active pulmonary TB (bacteriologically confirmed or clinically diagnosed)
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
70
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
15
Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
not received antibiotics for a minimum of 3 months before the study.

Lab analysis

Sequencing type
16S
16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
Not specified
Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
relative abundances
Statistical test
LEfSe
Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
0.05
LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool
2

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
unchanged
Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
unchanged

Signature 1

Needs review

Curated date: 2025/07/28

Curator: Nuerteye

Revision editor(s): Nuerteye

Source: Figure 2C

Description: Comparisons of respiratory microbiota in severe TB and non‐severe TB groups. (A) Relative abundance of the top 10 respiratory microbiota at the phylum level. Relative abundance of the top 10 respiratory microbiota at the genus level. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score histogram

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Active pulmonary tuberculosis (severe TB)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Actinomyces graevenitzii
Alicyclobacillaceae
Bacillaceae
Bacillales
Bacillus
Carnobacteriaceae
Chloroflexia
Frankiales
Gaiellales
Granulicatella
Haemophilus influenzae
Ktedonobacteraceae
Ktedonobacteria
Paenibacillaceae
Solirubrobacterales
Sporolactobacillaceae
Thermoleophilia
JG30 KF AS9JG30 KF AS9
ChloroflexiChloroflexi
ThermomicrobialesThermomicrobiales
AlicyclobacillalesAlicyclobacillales
SolirubrobacteraceaeSolirubrobacteraceae
Streptomycetaceae
StreptomycetalesStreptomycetales

Revision editor(s): Nuerteye

Signature 2

Needs review

Curated date: 2025/07/28

Curator: Nuerteye

Revision editor(s): Nuerteye

Source: Figure 2C

Description: Comparisons of respiratory microbiota in severe TB and non‐severe TB groups. (A) Relative abundance of the top 10 respiratory microbiota at the phylum level. Relative abundance of the top 10 respiratory microbiota at the genus level. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score histogram

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Active pulmonary tuberculosis (severe TB)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Lachnospiraceae UCG 001Lachnospiraceae UCG 001
Moraxella lincolniiMoraxella lincolnii
Agrobacterium radiobacterAgrobacterium radiobacter
Burkholderiales

Revision editor(s): Nuerteye

Experiment 2


Needs review

Curated date: 2025/07/28

Curator: Nuerteye

Revision editor(s): Nuerteye

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
clinical diagnosis (negative)
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
bacteriologically confirmed TB (positive)
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
34
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
51

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
Not specified

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
unchanged
Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
unchanged

Signature 1

Needs review

Curated date: 2025/07/28

Curator: Nuerteye

Revision editor(s): Nuerteye

Source: Figure 3D

Description: Association of respiratory microbiota with bacteriologically confirmed TB. (D) Identification of species with significant differences in abundance between the two groups using LEfSe (LDA effect size) analysis.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in bacteriologically confirmed TB (positive)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
XanthomonadalesXanthomonadales
PaenibacillalesPaenibacillales
Paenibacillaceae
Paenibacillus

Revision editor(s): Nuerteye

Signature 2

Needs review

Curated date: 2025/07/28

Curator: Nuerteye

Revision editor(s): Nuerteye

Source: Figure 3D

Description: Association of respiratory microbiota with bacteriologically confirmed TB. (D) Identification of species with significant differences in abundance between the two groups using LEfSe (LDA effect size) analysis.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in bacteriologically confirmed TB (positive)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Anaerostipes
Coprococcus
Escherichia/Shigella sp.
Erysipelotrichaceae UCG 003Erysipelotrichaceae UCG 003
Dorea
CAG 352CAG 352
Ruminococcus
Collinsella
Coriobacteriaceae
Lactobacillus sanfranciscensisLactobacillus sanfranciscensis
Eubacterium coprostanoligenes
Agathobacter
Christensenellaceae R7Christensenellaceae R7
Christensenellales
Christensenellaceae bacterium
Subdoligranulum
Bifidobacterium adolescentis
Carnobacteriaceae
Granulicatella
FirmicutesFirmicutes

Revision editor(s): Nuerteye