Reduced gut microbiota diversity in ulcerative colitis patients with latent tuberculosis infection during vedolizumab therapy: insights on prophylactic anti-tuberculosis effects

Study information

Needs review

study design

case-control

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

39731099

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1186/s12866-024-03705-7

URI Uniform resource identifier for web resources.

Authors

Hu Y, Wu Z, Yang X, Ding J, Wang Q, Fang H, Zhu L, Hu M

Journal

BMC microbiology

Year

2024

Keywords:

Gut microbiota, Latent tuberculosis infection, Prophylactic treatment, Ulcerative colitis, Vedolizumab

BACKGROUND: The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in ulcerative colitis (UC) development. This study explores the impact of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) on the gut microbiota in UC and assesses changes during vedolizumab treatment, investigating prophylactic anti-tuberculosis therapy. RESULTS: This cohort study included adult patients with UC receiving vedolizumab treatment at Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University from April 2021 to December 2022. Patients were divided into LTBI (n = 24) and non-LTBI (n = 21) groups. Patients in the LTBI group were further subdivided into prophylactic (n = 13) and non-prophylactic (n = 11) groups. Clinical and fecal samples were collected pre- and post-vedolizumab treatment for the LTBI groups and pre-treatment for the non-LTBI group. The gut microbiota was analyzed using 16 S rRNA sequencing. Patients in the non-LTBI group exhibited higher diversity indices. Vedolizumab demonstrated efficacy in the LTBI group, with clinical response and remission rates of 83.3% and 75.0%, respectively. The gut microbiota diversity in the LTBI group increased post-vedolizumab treatment, and receiving prophylactic isoniazid showed no significant difference in vedolizumab treatment response compared to not receiving prophylactic isoniazid. Microbiota changes were similar between groups, with an increase in [Ruminococcus] expression after vedolizumab treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This cohort study, conducted at a single center, highlights that LTBI can reduce gut microbiota diversity among adult patient with UC. The observed efficacy of vedolizumab treatment in the LTBI group indicates a potential association with microbiota changes. However, mono-isoniazid exhibited limited impact, underscoring the potential of vedolizumab as a promising candidate for prophylactic anti-tuberculosis treatment in the context of UC.

Experiment 1

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Curated date: 2025/08/11

Curator: Nuerteye

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Subjects

Location of subjects: China

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.: Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Pulmonary tuberculosis lung TB,lung tuberculosis,pulmonary TB,pulmonary tuberculosis,Tuberculosis, Pulmonary,Pulmonary tuberculosis

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: ulcerative colitis patients with non-latent tuberculosis (C0)

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: ulcerative colitis patients with latent tuberculosis infection (AB0)

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: ulcerative colitis patients with latent tuberculosis infection

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 9

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 12

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V3-V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).: relative abundances

Statistical test: LEfSe

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05

LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool: 2

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: decreased

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: decreased

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness: decreased

Signature 1

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Curated date: 2025/08/11

Curator: Nuerteye

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Source: Figure 2G

Description: Impact of LTBI on the intestinal microbiota of patients with UC. LEfSe analysis highlights the enriched microbial taxa in non-LTBI (Enterobacteriaceae) and LTBI (Streptococcaceae, Sutterellaceae, Burkholderiales) groups. LDA analysis shows the impact of specific taxa on group differences (Enterobacteriaceae in non-LTBI; Sutterellaceae in LTBI).

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in ulcerative colitis patients with latent tuberculosis infection (AB0)

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Streptococcus
Streptococcaceae
Parasutterella
Burkholderiales
Sutterellaceae

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Signature 2

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Source: Figure 2G-H

Description: Impact of LTBI on the intestinal microbiota of patients with UC. LEfSe analysis highlights the enriched microbial taxa in non-LTBI (Enterobacteriaceae) and LTBI (Streptococcaceae, Sutterellaceae, Burkholderiales) groups. LDA analysis shows the impact of specific taxa on group differences (Enterobacteriaceae in non-LTBI; Sutterellaceae in LTBI).

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in ulcerative colitis patients with latent tuberculosis infection (AB0)

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Enterobacteriaceae
Escherichia/Shigella sp.
Bacillales
Bacillaceae
Bacillus
Bacilli
Synergistota
Synergistia
Synergistaceae
Synergistales
ErysipelatoclostridiaceaeErysipelatoclostridiaceae
ErysipelatoclostridiumErysipelatoclostridium
Erysipelotrichales

Revision editor(s): Nuerteye