A Lactobacillus consortium provides insights into the sleep-exercise-microbiome nexus in proof of concept studies of elite athletes and in the general population
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Study information
-
Quality control
- Retracted paper
- Contamination issues suspected
- Batch effect issues suspected
- Uncontrolled confounding suspected
- Results are suspect (various reasons)
- Tags applied
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI
Authors
Bongiovanni T, Santiago M, Zielinska K, Scheiman J, Barsa C, Jäger R, Pinto D, Rinaldi F, Giuliani G, Senatore T, Kostic AD
Journal
Microbiome
Year
2025
Keywords:
Lactobacillus, Energy, Fatigue, Microbiome, Oxidative stress, Probiotic, Recovery, Sleep, Testosterone
BACKGROUND: The complex relationship among sleep, exercise, and the gut microbiome presents a unique opportunity to improve health and wellness. Here, we conducted the first large-scale investigation into the influence of a novel elite athlete-derived probiotic, consisting of a multi-strain Lactobacillus consortium, on sleep quality, exercise recovery, and gut microbiome composition in both elite athletes (n = 11) and the general population (n = 257). RESULTS: Our two-phase study design, which included an open-label study followed by a controlled longitudinal study in a professional soccer team, allowed us to identify key interactions between probiotics, the gut microbiome, and the host. In the placebo-controlled study, we observed significant improvements in self-reported sleep quality by 69%, energy levels by 31%, and bowel movements by 37% after probiotic intervention relative to after placebo. These improvements were associated with a significant decrease in D-ROMS (a marker of oxidative stress) and a significantly higher free-testosterone/cortisol ratio. Multi-omics analyses revealed specific changes in microbiome composition and function, potentially providing mechanistic insights into these observed effects. CONCLUSION: This study provides novel insights into how a multi-strain Lactobacillus probiotic modulates sleep quality, exercise recovery, and gut microbiome composition in both the general population and elite athletes, and introduces potential mechanisms through which this probiotic could be influencing overall health. Our results emphasize the untapped potential of tailored probiotic interventions derived from extremely fit and healthy individuals in improving several aspects of health and performance directly in humans. Video Abstract.
Experiment 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-6
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- Italy
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
- Homo sapiens
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Treatment outcome measurement Treatment outcome measurement,treatment outcome measurement
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Baseline
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Placebo
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Healthy male soccer players taking placebo pills blindly for the first period of 12weeks.
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 11
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 11
- Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
- 3 months
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- WMS
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- Not specified
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- relative abundances
- Statistical test
- Mixed-Effects Regression
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- No
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-6
Source: Figure 4b, Table 2
Description: Soccer players' taxa that significantly change after the ingestion of placebo pills
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Placebo
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Agathobacter rectalis | ||
| Phocaeicola vulgatus | ||
| Roseburia intestinalis |
Revision editor(s): Asoler2004
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-6
Source: Figure 4b, Table 2
Description: Soccer players' taxa that significantly change after the ingestion of placebo pills
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Placebo
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| [Ruminococcus] torques |
Revision editor(s): Anne-mariesharp
Experiment 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-6
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Probiotic
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Healthy male soccer players taking probiotic pills blindly for the second period of 12 weeks.
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-6
Source: Figure 4b, Table 2
Description: Soccer players' taxa that significantly change after the ingestion of probiotic pills
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Probiotic
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Agathobacter rectalis | ||
| Alistipes putredinis | ||
| Bifidobacterium longum | ||
| Faecalibacterium prausnitzii | ||
| Phocaeicola vulgatus | ||
| Roseburia intestinalis |
Revision editor(s): Asoler2004
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-6
Source: Figure 4b, Table 2
Description: Soccer players' taxa that significantly change after the ingestion of probiotic pills.
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Probiotic
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Blautia obeum | ||
| Coprococcus comes | ||
| Dorea longicatena | ||
| Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens | ||
| [Ruminococcus] torques |
Revision editor(s): Asoler2004, Anne-mariesharp
Experiment 4
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-6
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- log transformation
- Statistical test
- Kruskall-Wallis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-6
Source: Figure 4d
Description: The abundance of the Lactobacillaceae family increases with probiotic use but not placebo.
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Probiotic
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Lactobacillaceae |
Revision editor(s): Anne-mariesharp
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