The blood pressure lowering effect of beetroot juice is impaired in periodontitis and recovered after periodontal treatment
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Study information
-
Quality control
- Retracted paper
- Contamination issues suspected
- Batch effect issues suspected
- Uncontrolled confounding suspected
- Results are suspect (various reasons)
- Tags applied
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI
Authors
Sanchez-Orozco NY, Rosier BT, Ruiz-Gutierrez A, Marquez-Sandoval F, Artacho A, Carrera-Quintanar L, Mira A
Journal
NPJ biofilms and microbiomes
Year
2025
We have previously demonstrated that subgingival levels of nitrate-reducing bacteria, as well as the in vitro salivary nitrate reduction capacity (NRC), were diminished in periodontitis patients, increasing after periodontal treatment. However, it remains unclear if an impaired NRC in periodontitis can affect systemic health. To determine this, the effect of nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BRJ) on blood pressure was determined in 15 periodontitis patients before and 70 days after periodontal treatment (i.e., professional mechanical plaque removal, oral hygiene instruction, and subgingival instrumentation), as well as in a healthy control group of 15 individuals. Additionally, subgingival and tongue samples were taken to analyse the bacterial composition with Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In healthy individuals, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DPB) decreased significantly (both P < 0.01) 90 min after BRJ intake, but not in periodontitis patients. However, after periodontal treatment, this blood pressure-lowering effect was recovered (P < 0.05 for SBP; P < 0.01 for DBP). Lower levels of salivary nitrate after identical doses of BRJ intake indicated a potentially higher NRC in healthy individuals (P < 0.05). Periodontitis-associated bacteria decreased in tongue and subgingival samples after periodontal treatment (P < 0.01). In contrast, nitrate-reducing bacteria were associated with health in both habitats, but increased only in subgingival plaque after periodontal treatment (P < 0.001). This is the first study showing that periodontitis could limit the blood-pressure lowering effects of nitrate reduction by the oral microbiota. We propose that an impaired NRC represents a potential link between periodontitis and systemic conditions, which should be confirmed in future randomized controlled trials. Future work should also aim to determine if nitrate prebiotic supplementation and/or tongue cleaning could improve the treatment of periodontitis and its associated comorbidities.
Experiment 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-2-7
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- Mexico
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
- Homo sapiens
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Subgingival dental plaque Subgingival plaque,Subgingival dental plaque,subgingival dental plaque
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- PeriodontitisPeriodontitis
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Healthy controls
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Periodontitis Baseline (BL)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Periodontitis before any periodontal treatment
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 13
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 13
- Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
- 3 months
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- V3-V4
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- log transformation
- Statistical test
- ANCOM-BC
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- Yes
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- increased
- Richness Number of species
- increased
Signature 1
Source: Supplementary Figure 2A and Figure 6A
Description: Bar graphs show comparisons between healthy individuals (H) and periodontitis patients at baseline (BL) in subgingival plaque
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Periodontitis Baseline (BL)
Signature 2
Source: Supplementary Figure 2A and Figure 6A
Description: Bar graphs show comparisons between healthy individuals (H) and periodontitis patients at baseline (BL) in subgingival plaque
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Periodontitis Baseline (BL)
Experiment 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-2-7
Curated date: 2025/01/29
Curator:
Revision editor(s):
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Periodontitis BL
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Periodontitis D70
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Periodontitis after 70 days of periodontal treatment
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- decreased
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- decreased
- Richness Number of species
- decreased
Signature 1
Source: Supplementary Figure 2B and Figure 6B
Description: Bar graphs show comparisons between D70 and BL in subgingival plaque.
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in
Signature 2
Source: Supplementary Figure 2B and Figure 6B
Description: Bar graphs show comparisons between D70 and BL in subgingival plaque
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Filifactor | ||
| Fretibacterium | ||
| Peptostreptococcus | ||
| Porphyromonas | ||
| Tannerella forsythia | ||
| unclassified Fretibacterium | ||
| Rickenellaceae RC9Rickenellaceae RC9 |
Experiment 3
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-2-7
Curated date: 2025/01/31
Curator:
Revision editor(s):
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Tongue Glossus,Tongue,tongue
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Healthy controls
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Periodontitis Baseline (BL)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Periodontitis before any periodontal treatment
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 14
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- increased
- Richness Number of species
- increased
Signature 1
Source: Supplementary Figure 2C and Figure 6C
Description: Bar graphs show comparisons between H and BL in tongue coating.
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Actinobacillus | ||
| Cardiobacterium | ||
| Gemella | ||
| Gemella sanguinis | ||
| Haemophilus | ||
| Rothia dentocariosa | ||
| Veillonella rogosae | ||
| unclassified Veillonella |
Experiment 4
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-2-7
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Periodontitis Baseline (D70)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Periodontitis after 70 days of periodontal treatment
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- increased
- Richness Number of species
- increased
Experiment 5
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-2-7
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Periodontitis BL
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 14
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
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