A legume-enriched diet improves metabolic health in prediabetes mediated through gut microbiome: a randomized controlled trial
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Study information
-
Quality control
- Retracted paper
- Contamination issues suspected
- Batch effect issues suspected
- Uncontrolled confounding suspected
- Results are suspect (various reasons)
- Tags applied
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI Uniform resource identifier for web resources.
Authors
Wu X, Tjahyo AS, Volchanskaya VSB, Wong LH, Lai X, Yong YN, Osman F, Tay SL, Govindharajulu P, Ponnalagu S, Tso R, Teo HS, Khoo K, Fan H, Goh CC, Yap CPL, Leow MK, Henry CJ, Haldar S, Lim KJ
Journal
Nature communications
Year
2025
Healthy dietary patterns rich in legumes can improve metabolic health, although their additional benefits in conjunction with calorie restriction have not been well-established. We investigated effects of a calorie-restricted, legume-enriched, multicomponent intervention diet compared with a calorie-restricted control diet in 127 Chinese prediabetes participants, living in Singapore. The study was a 16-week, single-blind, parallel-design, randomized controlled trial (n = 63 intervention group (IG), n = 64 control group (CG); mean ± SD age 62.2 ± 6.3 years, BMI 23.8 ± 2.6 kg/m2). Primary outcomes were markers of glycemia and all measurements were taken at 2 or 4-weekly intervals. At the end of 16 weeks, both groups had significantly lower BMI (q(Time) = 1.92 ×10-42, β = -0.02) compared with baseline, with minimal difference between groups. The IG had significantly greater reductions in LDL cholesterol (q(Treatment×Time) = 0.01, β = -0.16), total cholesterol (q(Treatment×Time) = 0.02, β = -0.3) and HbA1c (q(Treatment×Time) = 0.04, β = -0.004) compared with CG, alongside increases in fiber degrading species in IG, mediated through metabolites such as bile acids and amino acids. A legume-enriched, multicomponent intervention diet can improve metabolic health in a prediabetes population, in addition to benefits obtained from calorie restriction alone, partially mediated through changes in gut microbial composition and function. Trial registration: Clinical Trials NCT04745702.
Experiment 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- Singapore
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
- Homo sapiens
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Diet measurement Diet measurement,diet measurement
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Control Group (CG)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Intervention Group (IG)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- This group consists of participants who received the legume-enriched, calorie-restricted intervention diet, high in fiber and low-GI carbs, with legumes as the main protein source.
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 57
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 54
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- WMS
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- Not specified
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- centered log-ratio
- Statistical test
- Linear Regression
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- Yes
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Source: Fig. 3F & S4a
Description: Taxa that are significantly changed over time in intervention.
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Intervention Group (IG)
Revision editor(s): Joiejoie
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Source: Fig. 3F & S4b
Description: Taxa that are significantly changed over time in intervention group.
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Intervention Group (IG)
Revision editor(s): Joiejoie
Experiment 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Day 0 - Control (ctr)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Day 1 - Control (ctr)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- This is the Day 1 timepoint within the control (ctr) group
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- Not specified
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- Not specified
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- relative abundances
- Statistical test
- Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon)
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- No
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Source: Fig. S6
Description: Species that changed significantly in in vitro fermentation experiments
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Day 1 - Control (ctr)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Agathobacter rectalis | ||
| Ruminococcus bromii |
Revision editor(s): Joiejoie
Experiment 3
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Day 2 - Control (ctr)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- This is the Day 2 timepoint within the control (ctr) group
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Source: Fig. S6
Description: Species that changed significantly in in vitro fermentation experiments
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Day 2 - Control (ctr)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Agathobacter rectalis | ||
| Ruminococcus bromii |
Revision editor(s): Joiejoie
Experiment 4
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Day 0 - Red bean fibre digested (RBD)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Day 1 -Red bean fibre digested (RBD)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- This is the Day 1 time point within the Red bean fibre digested (RBD) group.
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Source: Fig. S6
Description: Species that changed significantly in in vitro fermentation experiments
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Day 1 -Red bean fibre digested (RBD)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Agathobacter rectalis | ||
| Ruminococcus bromii |
Revision editor(s): Joiejoie
Experiment 5
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Day 2 - Red bean fibre digested (RBD)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- This is the Day 2 time point within the Red bean fibre digested (RBD) group.
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Source: Fig. S6
Description: Species that changed significantly in in vitro fermentation experiments
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Day 2 - Red bean fibre digested (RBD)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Agathobacter rectalis |
Revision editor(s): Joiejoie
Experiment 6
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Day 1 - Red bean fibre digested (RBD)
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Source: Fig. S6
Description: Species that changed significantly in in vitro fermentation experiments
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Day 2 - Red bean fibre digested (RBD)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Ruminococcus bromii |
Revision editor(s): Joiejoie
Experiment 7
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Day 0 - Red bean fibre undigested (RBU)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Day 1 - Red bean fibre undigested (RBU)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- This is the Day 1 time point within the Red bean fibre undigested (RBU) group.
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Source: Fig. S6
Description: Species that changed significantly in in vitro fermentation experiments
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Day 1 - Red bean fibre undigested (RBU)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Agathobacter rectalis | ||
| Ruminococcus bromii |
Revision editor(s): Joiejoie
Experiment 8
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Day 2 - Red bean fibre undigested (RBU)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- This is the Day 2 time point within the Red bean fibre undigested (RBU) group.
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Source: Fig. S6
Description: Species that changed significantly in in vitro fermentation experiments
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Day 2 - Red bean fibre undigested (RBU)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Agathobacter rectalis |
Revision editor(s): Joiejoie
Experiment 9
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Day 1 - Red bean fibre undigested (RBU)
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Source: Fig. S6
Description: Species that changed significantly in in vitro fermentation experiments
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Day 2 - Red bean fibre undigested (RBU)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Ruminococcus bromii |
Revision editor(s): Joiejoie
Experiment 10
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Day 0 - Brown rice fibre digested (BRD)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Day 1 - Brown rice fibre digested (BRD)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- This is the Day 1 time point within the Brown rice fibre digested (BRD) group.
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Source: Fig. S6
Description: Species that changed significantly in in vitro fermentation experiments
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Day 1 - Brown rice fibre digested (BRD)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Agathobacter rectalis | ||
| Ruminococcus bromii |
Revision editor(s): Joiejoie
Experiment 11
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Day 2 - Brown rice fibre digested (BRD)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- This is the Day 2 time point within the Brown rice fibre digested (BRD) group.
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Source: Fig. S6
Description: Species that changed significantly in in vitro fermentation experiments
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Day 2 - Brown rice fibre digested (BRD)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Agathobacter rectalis | ||
| Ruminococcus bromii |
Revision editor(s): Joiejoie
Experiment 12
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Day 0 - Brown rice fibre undigested (BRU)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Day 1 - Brown rice fibre undigested (BRU)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- This is the Day 1 time point within the Brown rice fibre undigested (BRU) group.
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Source: Fig. S6
Description: Species that changed significantly in in vitro fermentation experiments
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Day 1 - Brown rice fibre undigested (BRU)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Agathobacter rectalis | ||
| Ruminococcus bromii |
Revision editor(s): Joiejoie
Experiment 13
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Day 2 - Brown rice fibre undigested (BRU)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- This is the Day 2 time point within the Brown rice fibre undigested (BRU) group.
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Source: Fig. S6
Description: Species that changed significantly in in vitro fermentation experiments
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Day 2 - Brown rice fibre undigested (BRU)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Agathobacter rectalis | ||
| Ruminococcus bromii |
Revision editor(s): Joiejoie
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