A legume-enriched diet improves metabolic health in prediabetes mediated through gut microbiome: a randomized controlled trial

From BugSigDB
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI Uniform resource identifier for web resources.
Authors
Wu X, Tjahyo AS, Volchanskaya VSB, Wong LH, Lai X, Yong YN, Osman F, Tay SL, Govindharajulu P, Ponnalagu S, Tso R, Teo HS, Khoo K, Fan H, Goh CC, Yap CPL, Leow MK, Henry CJ, Haldar S, Lim KJ
Journal
Nature communications
Year
2025
Healthy dietary patterns rich in legumes can improve metabolic health, although their additional benefits in conjunction with calorie restriction have not been well-established. We investigated effects of a calorie-restricted, legume-enriched, multicomponent intervention diet compared with a calorie-restricted control diet in 127 Chinese prediabetes participants, living in Singapore. The study was a 16-week, single-blind, parallel-design, randomized controlled trial (n = 63 intervention group (IG), n = 64 control group (CG); mean ± SD age 62.2 ± 6.3 years, BMI 23.8 ± 2.6 kg/m2). Primary outcomes were markers of glycemia and all measurements were taken at 2 or 4-weekly intervals. At the end of 16 weeks, both groups had significantly lower BMI (q(Time) = 1.92 ×10-42, β  = -0.02) compared with baseline, with minimal difference between groups. The IG had significantly greater reductions in LDL cholesterol (q(Treatment×Time) = 0.01, β  = -0.16), total cholesterol (q(Treatment×Time) = 0.02, β  = -0.3) and HbA1c (q(Treatment×Time) = 0.04, β  = -0.004) compared with CG, alongside increases in fiber degrading species in IG, mediated through metabolites such as bile acids and amino acids. A legume-enriched, multicomponent intervention diet can improve metabolic health in a prediabetes population, in addition to benefits obtained from calorie restriction alone, partially mediated through changes in gut microbial composition and function. Trial registration: Clinical Trials NCT04745702.

Experiment 1


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/04/17

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie, Montana-D

Subjects

Location of subjects
Singapore
Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
Homo sapiens
Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
Diet measurement Diet measurement,diet measurement
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Control Group (CG)
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Intervention Group (IG)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
This group consists of participants who received the legume-enriched, calorie-restricted intervention diet, high in fiber and low-GI carbs, with legumes as the main protein source.
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
57
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
54

Lab analysis

Sequencing type
WMS
16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
Not specified
Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
centered log-ratio
Statistical test
Linear Regression
Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
0.05
MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
Yes


Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/04/20

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Source: Fig. 3F & S4a

Description: Taxa that are significantly changed over time in intervention.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Intervention Group (IG)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Agathobacter rectalis
Bacteroides ovatus
Bacteroides salyersiae
Bifidobacterium
Escherichia coli
Intestinimonas butyriciproducens
Klebsiella quasipneumoniae
Klebsiella variicola
Monoglobus
Monoglobus pectinilyticus
Olsenella
Roseburia faecis
Roseburia hominis
Rothia
Rothia mucilaginosa
Tractidigestivibacter scatoligenes
unclassified Lachnospiraceae

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Signature 2

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/04/20

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Source: Fig. 3F & S4b

Description: Taxa that are significantly changed over time in intervention group.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Intervention Group (IG)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Actinomyces
Bacteroides sp. OM08-11
Bacteroides stercoris
Bacteroides uniformis
Bilophila
Bilophila wadsworthia
Blautia
Blautia hansenii
Blautia sp. CAG:257
Clostridium sp. CAG:299
Clostridium sp. CAG:58
Collinsella intestinalis
Eggerthella
Eggerthella lenta
Firmicutes bacterium CAG:424
Flavonifractor
Flavonifractor plautii
Fusobacterium
Intestinimonas
Lacrimispora saccharolytica
Mediterraneibacter gnavus
Parabacteroides
Parabacteroides distasonis
Phocaeicola massiliensis
Thomasclavelia
Turicimonas
[Ruminococcus] lactaris
[Ruminococcus] torques

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Experiment 2


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/05/01

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Day 0 - Control (ctr)
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Day 1 - Control (ctr)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
This is the Day 1 timepoint within the control (ctr) group
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
Not specified
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
Not specified

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
relative abundances
Statistical test
Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon)
MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
No


Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/05/02

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Source: Fig. S6

Description: Species that changed significantly in in vitro fermentation experiments

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Day 1 - Control (ctr)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Agathobacter rectalis
Ruminococcus bromii

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Experiment 3


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/05/02

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Day 2 - Control (ctr)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
This is the Day 2 timepoint within the control (ctr) group

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/05/02

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Source: Fig. S6

Description: Species that changed significantly in in vitro fermentation experiments

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Day 2 - Control (ctr)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Agathobacter rectalis
Ruminococcus bromii

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Experiment 4


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/05/02

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Day 0 - Red bean fibre digested (RBD)
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Day 1 -Red bean fibre digested (RBD)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
This is the Day 1 time point within the Red bean fibre digested (RBD) group.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/05/02

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Source: Fig. S6

Description: Species that changed significantly in in vitro fermentation experiments

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Day 1 -Red bean fibre digested (RBD)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Agathobacter rectalis
Ruminococcus bromii

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Experiment 5


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/05/02

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Day 2 - Red bean fibre digested (RBD)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
This is the Day 2 time point within the Red bean fibre digested (RBD) group.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/05/02

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Source: Fig. S6

Description: Species that changed significantly in in vitro fermentation experiments

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Day 2 - Red bean fibre digested (RBD)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Agathobacter rectalis

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Experiment 6


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/05/02

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Day 1 - Red bean fibre digested (RBD)

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/05/02

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Source: Fig. S6

Description: Species that changed significantly in in vitro fermentation experiments

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Day 2 - Red bean fibre digested (RBD)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Ruminococcus bromii

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Experiment 7


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/05/02

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Day 0 - Red bean fibre undigested (RBU)
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Day 1 - Red bean fibre undigested (RBU)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
This is the Day 1 time point within the Red bean fibre undigested (RBU) group.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/05/02

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Source: Fig. S6

Description: Species that changed significantly in in vitro fermentation experiments

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Day 1 - Red bean fibre undigested (RBU)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Agathobacter rectalis
Ruminococcus bromii

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Experiment 8


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/05/02

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Day 2 - Red bean fibre undigested (RBU)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
This is the Day 2 time point within the Red bean fibre undigested (RBU) group.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/05/02

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Source: Fig. S6

Description: Species that changed significantly in in vitro fermentation experiments

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Day 2 - Red bean fibre undigested (RBU)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Agathobacter rectalis

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Experiment 9


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/05/02

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Day 1 - Red bean fibre undigested (RBU)

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/05/02

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Source: Fig. S6

Description: Species that changed significantly in in vitro fermentation experiments

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Day 2 - Red bean fibre undigested (RBU)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Ruminococcus bromii

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Experiment 10


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/05/02

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Day 0 - Brown rice fibre digested (BRD)
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Day 1 - Brown rice fibre digested (BRD)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
This is the Day 1 time point within the Brown rice fibre digested (BRD) group.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/05/02

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Source: Fig. S6

Description: Species that changed significantly in in vitro fermentation experiments

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Day 1 - Brown rice fibre digested (BRD)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Agathobacter rectalis
Ruminococcus bromii

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Experiment 11


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/05/02

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Day 2 - Brown rice fibre digested (BRD)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
This is the Day 2 time point within the Brown rice fibre digested (BRD) group.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/05/02

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Source: Fig. S6

Description: Species that changed significantly in in vitro fermentation experiments

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Day 2 - Brown rice fibre digested (BRD)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Agathobacter rectalis
Ruminococcus bromii

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Experiment 12


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/05/02

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Day 0 - Brown rice fibre undigested (BRU)
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Day 1 - Brown rice fibre undigested (BRU)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
This is the Day 1 time point within the Brown rice fibre undigested (BRU) group.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/05/02

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Source: Fig. S6

Description: Species that changed significantly in in vitro fermentation experiments

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Day 1 - Brown rice fibre undigested (BRU)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Agathobacter rectalis
Ruminococcus bromii

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Experiment 13


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/05/02

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Day 2 - Brown rice fibre undigested (BRU)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
This is the Day 2 time point within the Brown rice fibre undigested (BRU) group.

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by KateRasheed on 2025-5-2

Curated date: 2025/05/02

Curator: Joiejoie

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie

Source: Fig. S6

Description: Species that changed significantly in in vitro fermentation experiments

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Day 2 - Brown rice fibre undigested (BRU)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Agathobacter rectalis
Ruminococcus bromii

Revision editor(s): Joiejoie