Impact of psychostimulants on microbiota and short-chain fatty acids alterations in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
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Study information
-
Quality control
- Retracted paper
- Contamination issues suspected
- Batch effect issues suspected
- Uncontrolled confounding suspected
- Results are suspect (various reasons)
- Tags applied
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI
Authors
Boonchooduang N, Louthrenoo O, Likhitweerawong N, Kunasol C, Thonusin C, Sriwichaiin S, Nawara W, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC
Journal
Scientific reports
Year
2025
Keywords:
ADHD, Biomarkers, Children, Gut microbiota, Psychostimulants, SCFAs
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children, is associated with alterations in gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are metabolites influencing the gut-brain axis. Evidence suggests that psychostimulant medications, widely used to manage ADHD symptoms, may also impact gut microbiota composition and SCFA levels. This study explores these potential effects by examining gut microbiota profiles and SCFA concentrations in unmedicated and medicated children with ADHD, compared to healthy controls. Fecal samples from 30 children aged 6-12 years (10 unmedicated ADHD, 10 medicated ADHD, and 10 healthy controls) were analyzed using 16 S rRNA sequencing and targeted metabolomics. Unmedicated ADHD children show distinct gut microbiota profiles, with lower level of Tyzzerella, Prevotellaceae, and Coriobacteriaceae, compared to controls. Notably, propionic acid levels were negatively associated with ADHD symptom severity, suggesting a potential biomarker role. Medicated ADHD children showed lower gut microbial diversity, unique taxa, and lower SCFA levels, compared to unmedicated children with ADHD. These findings suggest that gut microbiota and SCFAs may be linked to ADHD symptomatology, underscoring the importance of gut-brain interactions in ADHD. This study highlights the potential of gut health monitoring as part of future ADHD management strategies.
Experiment 6
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-28
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- Thailand
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
- Homo sapiens
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Treatment outcome measurement Treatment outcome measurement,treatment outcome measurement
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Healthy controls
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Unmedicated Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- This group consists of children aged 6–12 years diagnosed with ADHD who have not received psychostimulant medication for their condition.
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 10
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 10
- Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
- 2 weeks
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- V3-V4
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- log transformation
- Statistical test
- ANCOM-BC
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- Yes
- Matched on Factors on which subjects have been matched on in a case-control study
- age, sex
Alpha Diversity
- Pielou Quantifies how equal the community is numerically
- unchanged
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
- Faith Phylogenetic diversity, takes into account phylogenetic distance of all taxa identified in a sample
- increased
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-28
Source: Fig. 2
Description: Differential abundance of gut microbiota among healthy controls and children with unmedicated ADHD.
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Unmedicated Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Revision editor(s): Joiejoie
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-28
Source: Fig. 2
Description: Differential abundance of gut microbiota among healthy controls and children with unmedicated ADHD.
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Unmedicated Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Revision editor(s): Joiejoie, KateRasheed
Experiment 7
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-28
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Unmedicated ADHD
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Medicated ADHD (ADHD + MPH)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- This group consists of children aged 6–12 years diagnosed with ADHD who are undergoing treatment with medication
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Pielou Quantifies how equal the community is numerically
- decreased
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- decreased
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
- Faith Phylogenetic diversity, takes into account phylogenetic distance of all taxa identified in a sample
- decreased
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-28
Source: Fig. 2
Description: Differential abundance of gut microbiota among medicated ADHD and children with unmedicated ADHD.
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Medicated ADHD (ADHD + MPH)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Kitasatosporales | ||
| Streptomycetaceae | ||
| Anaerostipes |
Revision editor(s): Joiejoie
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-28
Source: Fig. 2
Description: Differential abundance of gut microbiota among medicated ADHD and children with unmedicated ADHD.
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Medicated ADHD (ADHD + MPH)
Revision editor(s): Joiejoie
Experiment 8
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-28
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Healthy controls
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Pielou Quantifies how equal the community is numerically
- unchanged
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
- Faith Phylogenetic diversity, takes into account phylogenetic distance of all taxa identified in a sample
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-3-28
Source: Fig. 2
Description: Differential abundance of gut microbiota among healthy controls and children with medicated ADHD
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Medicated ADHD (ADHD + MPH)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Parvimonas |
Revision editor(s): Joiejoie
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