Oral microbiome dysbiosis in acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack patients
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Study information
-
Quality control
- Retracted paper
- Contamination issues suspected
- Batch effect issues suspected
- Uncontrolled confounding suspected
- Results are suspect (various reasons)
- Tags applied
study design
case controlStudy design: "case control" is not in the list (case-control, cross-sectional observational, not case-control, time series / longitudinal observational, laboratory experiment, randomized controlled trial, prospective cohort, meta-analysis) of allowed values.
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI Uniform resource identifier for web resources.
Authors
Roongpiboonsopit D., Wairit S., Nithisathienchai C., Pakdee A., Cheibchalard T., Sayasathid J., Wilantho A., Tongsima S., Somboonna N.
Journal
PloS one
Year
2025
Oral microbiome (bacterial community) may influence systemic inflammation and vascular health, which both are critical factors in a pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. This study aimed to evaluate differences in the saliva microbiome of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients compared with matched healthy controls, hypothesizing that AIS and TIA patients are associated with oral microbiome shift. A prospective case-control study was conducted in Naresuan University Hospital, Thailand, to compare the saliva microbiome of AIS and TIA stroke patients of Thai ethnic with matched healthy controls. Microbial profiles were analyzed by metagenomics combined 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess microbial alpha diversity, taxonomic composition, beta diversity, and microbial functional pathways.Forty-one patients (31 AIS and 10 TIA) and 20 age- and sex-matched stroke-free healthy controls were included in this study. Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups, apart from higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, and smoking in the patient group. Patients exhibited significantly higher alpha-diversity genus richness by OTUs and Chao1 index than controls (p < 0.001), highlighting an altered microbial community structure. Phylum-level analysis revealed an increased abundance of Bacillota (p = 0.0285) in the patient group, with a statistically decreasing trend for Bacteroidota, Actinomycetota and Pseudomonadota (p < 0.05). At the genus level, Streptococcus was more significantly abundant in the patients (p = 0.0171), while Prevotella was reduced. The patient and control groups were statistically separated in beta-diversity analysis (PERMANOVA, p < 0.001), with species biomarker analysis by LEfSe (Linear discriminant analysis effect size) could suggest species markers for each group. Functional pathway analysis showed the patient group the significantly higher in functional categories of, for examples, xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, cardiovascular diseases, signal transduction, and membrane transport (Welch's t-test, p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated the statistical alterations in the saliva microbiome of AIS and TIA patients, characterized by increased genus richness diversity and relatively distinct microbial shifts that may be associated with stroke-related inflammation. The findings suggest the saliva microbiome analysis as potential as a non-invasive biomarker for stroke risk and its role in stroke pathophysiology.
Experiment 1
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- Thailand
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
- Homo sapiens
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Saliva Sailva normalis,Saliva atomaris,Saliva molecularis,Salivary gland secretion,Saliva,saliva
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Ischemic stroke , Transient ischemic attack Ischaemic stroke,Ischemic stroke,ischemic stroke,Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack,Attack, Transient Ischemic,attack, transient ischemic,Attacks, Transient Ischemic,Brain Stem Ischemia, Transient,Brain Stem Transient Ischemic Attack,Brain TIA,Brainstem Ischemia, Transient,Brainstem Ischemias, Transient,Brainstem Transient Ischemic Attack,Carotid Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack,Cerebral Ischemia, Transient,Cerebral Ischemias, Transient,Crescendo Transient Ischemic Attacks,Ischemia, Transient Brainstem,Ischemia, Transient Cerebral,Ischemias, Transient Brainstem,Ischemias, Transient Cerebral,Ischemic Attack, Transient,ischemic attack, transient,Ischemic Attacks, Transient,Posterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack,TIA,TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack),TIA - Transient ischaemic attack,TIA - transient ischaemic attack,TIA, Brain,TIAs (Transient Ischemic Attack),Transient Brainstem Ischemia,Transient cerebral ischaemia,transient cerebral ischaemia,Transient cerebral ischaemia NOS,Transient Cerebral Ischemia,transient cerebral ischemia,Transient cerebral ischemia (disorder) [Ambiguous],transient cerebral ischemia (disorder) [ambiguous],Transient Cerebral Ischemias,transient ischemic attack,transient ischemic attack (disease),Transient Ischemic Attack, Anterior Circulation,Transient Ischemic Attack, Brain Stem,Transient Ischemic Attack, Brainstem,Transient Ischemic Attack, Carotid Circulation,Transient Ischemic Attack, Posterior Circulation,Transient Ischemic Attack, Vertebrobasilar Circulation,Transient Ischemic Attacks,transient ischemic attacks,Transient ischemic attacks (disorder),Transient Ischemic Attacks, Crescendo,Vertebrobasilar Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack,Transient ischemic attack
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Healthy controls
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Stroke patient groups (Acute ischemic stroke + Transient ischemic attack)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients were defined as those with acute focal neurological deficits evidenced by brain infarction confirmed via computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Transient ischemic attack (TIA) was defined acute focal neurological deficits lasting less than 24 hours without brain infarction on MRI scans.
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 20
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 41
- Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
- Current use of antibiotics
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- V3-V4
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- centered log-ratio
- Statistical test
- T-Test
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- No
- Matched on Factors on which subjects have been matched on in a case-control study
- age, sex
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- increased
- Richness Number of species
- increased
Signature 1
Source: Figure 2
Description: Taxa with statistical different relative abundances between control vs. stroke groups (p < 0.05)
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Stroke patient groups (Acute ischemic stroke + Transient ischemic attack)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Streptococcus infantis |
Revision editor(s): Tosin
Experiment 2
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- relative abundances
- Statistical test
- LEfSe
- LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool
- 2
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- increased
- Richness Number of species
- increased
Signature 1
Source: Figure 4
Description: LEfSe (Linear discriminant analysis effect size) for bacterial species biomarkers representing control vs. stroke groups
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Stroke patient groups (Acute ischemic stroke + Transient ischemic attack)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Fusobacteriales | ||
| Prevotella nigrescens |
Revision editor(s): Tosin
Signature 2
Source: Figure 4
Description: LEfSe (Linear discriminant analysis effect size) for bacterial species biomarkers representing control vs. stroke groups
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Stroke patient groups (Acute ischemic stroke + Transient ischemic attack)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Haemophilus influenzae | ||
| Neisseria subflava | ||
| Prevotella melaninogenica | ||
| Veillonella parvula |
Revision editor(s): Tosin
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