The Impact of Mouthwash on the Oropharyngeal Microbiota of Men Who Have Sex with Men: a Substudy of the OMEGA Trial
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Study information
-
Quality control
- Retracted paper
- Contamination issues suspected
- Batch effect issues suspected
- Uncontrolled confounding suspected
- Results are suspect (various reasons)
- Tags applied
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
Authors
Plummer EL, Maddaford K, Murray GL, Fairley CK, Pasricha S, Mu A, Bradshaw CS, Williamson DA, Chow EPF
Journal
Microbiology spectrum
Year
2022
Keywords:
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, men who have sex with men, mouthwash, oral microbiome, oropharyngeal gonorrhea
Mouthwash is a commonly used product and has been proposed as an alternative intervention to prevent gonorrhea transmission. However, the long-term effects of mouthwash on the oral microbiota are largely unknown. We investigated the impact of 12 weeks of daily mouthwash use on the oropharyngeal microbiota in a subset of men who have sex with men who participated in a randomized trial comparing the efficacy of two alcohol-free mouthwashes for the prevention of gonorrhea. We characterized the oropharyngeal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of tonsillar fossae samples collected before and after 12 weeks of daily use of Listerine mouthwash or Biotène dry mouth oral rinse. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) was used to assess differences in oropharyngeal microbiota composition following mouthwash use. Differential abundance testing was performed using ALDEx2, with false-discovery rate correction. A total of 306 samples from 153 men were analyzed (Listerine, n = 78 and Biotène, n = 75). There was no difference in the overall structure of the oropharyngeal microbiota following Listerine or Biotène use (PERMANOVA P = 0.413 and P = 0.331, respectively). Although no bacterial taxa were significantly differentially abundant following Listerine use, we observed a small but significant decrease in the abundance of both Streptococcus and Leptotrichia following Biotène use. Overall, our findings suggest that daily use of antiseptic mouthwash has minimal long-term effects on the composition of the oropharyngeal microbiota. IMPORTANCE Given the role of the oral microbiota in human health, it is important to understand if and how external factors influence its composition. Mouthwash use is common in some populations, and the use of antiseptic mouthwash has been proposed as an alternative intervention to prevent gonorrhea transmission. However, the long-term effect of mouthwash use on the oral microbiota composition is largely unknown. We found that daily use of two different commercially available mouthwashes had limited long-term effects on the composition of the oropharyngeal microbiota over a 12-week period. The results from our study and prior studies highlight that different mouthwashes may differentially affect the oral microbiome composition and that further studies are needed to determine if mouthwash use induces short-term changes to the oral microbiota that may have detrimental effects.
Experiment 1
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- Australia
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
- Homo sapiens
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Tonsillar fossa Tonsillar bed,Tonsillar sinus,Tonsillar fossa,tonsillar fossa
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Gonorrhea Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection,chronic gonococcal infectious disease of lower genitourinary tract,chronic gonococcal infectious disease of upper genitourinary tract,Crosti-gianotti syndrome,Gianotti Crosti syndrome,acrodermatitis, infantile lichenoid,acrodermatitis, papular infantile,infections, Neisseria gonorrhoeae,papular acrodermatitis of childhood,Gonorrhea,gonorrhea
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- men who have sex with men using Listerine
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- men who have sex with men using Biotène
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- men who have sex with men using Biotène for 12 weeks affect the microbial composition of the oropharynx.
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 78
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 75
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- V4
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- centered log-ratio
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- No
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- increased
Signature 1
Source: discussion
Description: observed a small but significant decrease in the abundance following 12 weeks of Biotène using ALDEx2
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in men who have sex with men using Biotène
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Leptotrichia | ||
| Streptococcus | ||
| Streptobacillus |
Revision editor(s): Uhabiba14
Experiment 2
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- did not have gonorrhea detected
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- gonorrhea detected by NAAT at baseline
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- the oropharyngeal microbial communities at week-0 in men with and without oropharyngeal N. gonorrhoeae detected by NAAT
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 99
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 54
Signature 1
Source: supplementary figure 4b
Description: The oropharyngeal microbiota of men with oropharyngeal N. gonorrhoeae at baseline compared to men without oropharyngeal N. gonorrhoeae Using ALDEx2, with a detected at week-0 by NAAT.
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in gonorrhea detected by NAAT at baseline
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Bergeyella | ||
| Candidatus Absconditibacteriota | ||
| Fusobacterium | ||
| Haemophilus | ||
| Peptostreptococcus |
Revision editor(s): Uhabiba14
Experiment 3
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- men sex with men who are non-smokers
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- men sex with men who are smokers
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- The oropharyngeal microbiota of smokers at week-0
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 123
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 22
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
- Statistical test
- PERMANOVA
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- increased
Signature 1
Source: supplementary figure 6b
Description: PERMANOVA revealed a small but significant difference in the global oropharyngeal microbiota composition between smokers and nonsmokers
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in men sex with men who are smokers
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Treponema | ||
| Fretibacterium |
Revision editor(s): Uhabiba14
Signature 2
Source: supplementary figure 6b
Description: PERMANOVA revealed a small but significant difference in the global oropharyngeal microbiota composition between smokers and nonsmokers
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in men sex with men who are smokers
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Lautropia |
Revision editor(s): Uhabiba14
Experiment 4
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- men who have sex with men using Biotène
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- men who have sex with men using listerine
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- men who have sex with men using Listerine for 12 weeks affect the microbial composition of the oropharynx.
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 153
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 153
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
- Statistical test
- ANOVA
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- increased
Signature 1
Source: discussion
Description: the abundance of Neisseria was nonsignificantly decreased in specimens collected after 12 weeks of Listerine use compared to that in specimens collected at week 0
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in men who have sex with men using listerine
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Neisseria |
Revision editor(s): Uhabiba14
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