A cross-sectional analysis about bacterial vaginosis, high-risk human papillomavirus infection, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Chinese women

Study information

Needs review

study design

cross-sectional observational, not case-control

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

35459771

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1038/s41598-022-10532-1

URI

Authors

Xu X, Zhang Y, Yu L, Shi X, Min M, Xiong L, Pan J, Liu P, Wu G, Gao G

Journal

Scientific reports

Year

2022

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a genital infection that frequently presents in women infected with human papillomavirus (HPV), but the correlation between BV, HPV and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) development is still elusive. We organized a cross-sectional analysis which enrolled 624 participants and obtained 423 samples of vaginal secretions from them, including 193 HPV-negative samples and 230 HR-HPV-positive samples. We used 16S rRNA sequencing to measure the vaginal microbiota diversity in women with different BV, HPV and CIN status, and then calculated risk factors for CIN by logistic regression. We found that the diversity of vaginal microbiota was significantly increased after BV, HPV and BV-infected CIN group. The Observed species and Chao1 index of H.C group showed little difference with normal group, while its Shannon index was considerable higher than normal group. L. iners enriched in HPV infection group compared with others significantly. BV (OR = 0.358; 95% CI = 0.195-0.656; P < .05) and HR-HPV infection (OR = 0.016; 95% CI = 0.004-0.072; P < .001) were risk factors for CIN. In conclusion, we consider BV as a risk factor for CIN. The enrichment of L. iners under HPV infection state may contribute to maintenance of vaginal dysbiosis, and BV infection could facilitate the disturb.

Experiment 1

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Curated date: 2024/04/21

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Subjects

Location of subjects: China

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.: Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Uterine cervix , Vaginal fluid Canalis cervicis uteri,Caudal segment of uterus,Cervical canal,Cervical canal of uterus,Cervix,Cervix of uterus,Cervix uteri,Neck of uterus,Uterine cervix,uterine cervix,Vaginal discharge,Vaginal secretion,Vaginal fluid,vaginal fluid

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Vaginal microbiome measurement vaginal flora measurement,vaginal microbiota measurement,Vaginal microbiome measurement,vaginal microbiome measurement

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Normal Healthy Women

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) Infected Women

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Women attending the Aviation General hospital, located in Beijing, China, who were diagnosed with Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) Infection.

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 65

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 52

Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any): 30 days

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V3-V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).: relative abundances

Statistical test: LEfSe

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05

LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool: 4

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: increased

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: increased

Richness Number of species: increased

Signature 1

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Source: Figure 5A

Description: Bacterial Taxa differentially abundant in the vaginal microbiome of Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) Infected women compared to Normal healthy women as determined by LEfSe Analysis.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) Infected Women

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Bacteroidales
Bacteroidia
Bacteroidota
Prevotella
Prevotellaceae
Hoylesella timonensis

Revision editor(s): Joan Chuks

Experiment 2

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: High‑risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) Infected Women (HPV)

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Women attending the Aviation General hospital, located in Beijing, China, who were diagnosed with High‑risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection.

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 71

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: increased

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: increased

Richness Number of species: increased

Signature 1

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Source: Figure 5A

Description: Bacterial Taxa differentially abundant in the vaginal microbiome of High‑risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) Infected Women compared to Normal healthy women as determined by LEfSe Analysis.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in High‑risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) Infected Women (HPV)

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Lactobacillus iners

Revision editor(s): Joan Chuks

Experiment 3

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and High‑risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) (HPV) co-infected Women (BH)

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Women attending the Aviation General hospital, located in Beijing, China, who were diagnosed with co-infection of Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and High‑risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV).

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: increased

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: increased

Richness Number of species: increased

Signature 1

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Curated date: 2024/04/22

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Source: Figure 5A

Description: Bacterial Taxa differentially abundant in the vaginal microbiome of women co-infected with Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) and High‑risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) compared to Normal healthy women as determined by LEfSe Analysis.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and High‑risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) (HPV) co-infected Women (BH)

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Bacilli
Bacillota
Lactobacillaceae
Lactobacillales
Lactobacillus

Revision editor(s): Joan Chuks

Experiment 4

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Curated date: 2024/04/23

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: High‑risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) & Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia(CIN) co-infected women (HC)

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Women attending the Aviation General hospital, located in Beijing, China, who were diagnosed with infection of High‑risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) combined with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN).

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 48

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: increased

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: unchanged

Richness Number of species: unchanged

Experiment 5

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Curated date: 2024/04/23

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Bacteial Vaginosis (BV) & High‑risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia(CIN) co-infected women (BHC)

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Women attending the Aviation General hospital, located in Beijing, China, who were diagnosed with co-infection of Bacteial Vaginosis (BV) & High‑risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in combination with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN).

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 46

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: increased

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: increased

Richness Number of species: increased

Experiment 6

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Curated date: 2024/04/23

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) Infected Women

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: High‑risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) & Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia(CIN) co-infected women (HC)

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Women attending the Aviation General hospital, located in Beijing, China, who were diagnosed with infection of High‑risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) combined with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN).

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 52

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 48

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: decreased

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: decreased

Richness Number of species: decreased

Experiment 7

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Curated date: 2024/04/23

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: High‑risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) Infected Women (HPV)

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 71

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: increased

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: decreased

Richness Number of species: decreased

Experiment 8

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Curated date: 2024/04/23

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and High‑risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) (HPV) co-infected Women (BH)

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 60

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: increased

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: increased

Richness Number of species: increased

Experiment 9

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Curated date: 2024/04/23

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: High‑risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) Infected Women (HPV)

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Bacteial Vaginosis (BV) & High‑risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia(CIN) co-infected women (BHC)

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Women attending the Aviation General hospital, located in Beijing, China, who were diagnosed with with co-infection of Bacteial Vaginosis (BV) & High‑risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in combination with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN).

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 71

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 46

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: increased

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: increased

Richness Number of species: increased

Experiment 10

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Curated date: 2024/04/23

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: High‑risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) & Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia(CIN) co-infected women (HC)