Characteristics and Correlations of the Oral and Gut Fungal Microbiome with Hypertension
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Study information
-
Quality control
- Retracted paper
- Contamination issues suspected
- Batch effect issues suspected
- Uncontrolled confounding suspected
- Results are suspect (various reasons)
- Tags applied
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI
Authors
Chen BY, Lin WZ, Li YL, Bi C, Du LJ, Liu Y, Zhou LJ, Liu T, Xu S, Shi CJ, Zhu H, Wang YL, Sun JY, Liu Y, Zhang WC, Zhang Z, Zhang HL, Zhu YQ, Duan SZ
Journal
Microbiology spectrum
Year
2023
Keywords:
gut fungal microbiome, hypertension, oral fungal microbiome, oral-gut fungal correlations
The mycobiome is an essential constituent of the human microbiome and is associated with various diseases. However, the role of oral and gut fungi in hypertension (HTN) remains largely unexplored. In this study, saliva, subgingival plaques, and feces were collected from 36 participants with HTN and 24 healthy controls for metagenomic sequencing. The obtained sequences were analyzed using the Kraken2 taxonomic annotation pipeline to assess fungal composition and diversity. Correlations between oral and gut fungi and clinic parameters, between fungi within the same sample types, and between different sample types were identified by Spearman's correlation analysis. Overall, the subgingival fungal microbiome had substantially higher alpha diversity than the salivary and fecal fungal microbiomes. The fungal microbiomes of the three sample types displayed distinct beta diversity from each other. Oral fungi but not gut fungi in HTN had beta diversity significantly different from that of controls. Among the fungi shared in the oral cavity and gut, Exophiala was the genus with the most notable changes. Exophiala spinifera was the most abundant salivary species in HTN. Some fungal species directly correlated with blood pressure, including gut Exophiala xenobiotica and Exophiala mesophila. The markedly impaired ecological cocorrelation networks of oral and gut fungi in HTN suggested compromised association among fungal species. Most fungi were shared in the oral cavity and gut, and their correlations suggested the potential interplays between oral and gut fungi. In conclusion, the oral cavity and intestine have unique fungal ecological environments. The fungal enrichment and ecology in HTN, the correlations between oral and gut fungi, and the associations between oral and gut fungi and clinical parameters suggest an important role that the fungal microbiome may play in HTN. IMPORTANCE Our study fills the gap in human studies investigating the oral and gut fungal microbiota in association with blood pressure. It characterizes the diversity and composition of the oral and gut fungal microbiome in human subjects, elucidates the dysbiosis of fungal ecology in a hypertensive population, and establishes oral-gut fungal correlations and fungus-clinical parameter correlations. Targeting fungi in the oral cavity and/or gut may provide novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.
Experiment 1
Needs review
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- China
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
- Homo sapiens
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Saliva , Subgingival dental plaque Sailva normalis,Saliva atomaris,Saliva molecularis,Salivary gland secretion,Saliva,saliva,Subgingival plaque,Subgingival dental plaque,subgingival dental plaque
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Hypertension (hypertensive disease) or (hypertension),[X]Hypertensive diseases,[X]Hypertensive diseases (disorder),Blood Pressure, High,blood pressure, high,blood pressure, increased,Blood Pressures, High,High Blood Pressure,high blood pressure,High blood pressure (& [essential hypertension]),High Blood Pressures,HTN,HTN - hypertension,hyperpiesia,hypertension,hypertension NOS,HYPERTENSIVE DISEASE,hypertensive disease,Hypertensive disease (disorder),hypertensive disease NOS,Hypertensive disease NOS (disorder),hypertensive disorder,increased blood pressure,pressure, high blood,SURG COMP - HYPERTENSION,vascular hypertensive disorder,Hypertension
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Saliva samples
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Subgingival plague samples
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Subgingival plague samples from participants with Hypertension (HTN); n = 36 and without Hypertension (No HTN); n = 24
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 60
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 60
- Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
- 2 months
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- WMS
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- Not specified
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- relative abundances
- Statistical test
- LEfSe
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- Yes
- LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool
- 2
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- increased
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- increased
- Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- increased
Experiment 2
Needs review
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Saliva , Feces Sailva normalis,Saliva atomaris,Saliva molecularis,Salivary gland secretion,Saliva,saliva,Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Fecal samples
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Fecal samples from participants with Hypertension (HTN); n = 36 and without Hypertension (No HTN); n = 24
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- unchanged
- Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Experiment 3
Needs review
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Subgingival dental plaque , Feces Subgingival plaque,Subgingival dental plaque,subgingival dental plaque,Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Subgingival plague samples
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- decreased
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- decreased
- Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- decreased
Experiment 4
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Saliva Sailva normalis,Saliva atomaris,Saliva molecularis,Salivary gland secretion,Saliva,saliva
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- no-Hypertension (no-HTN)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Hypertension (HTN)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Participants with Hypertension (HTN)
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 24
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 36
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- unchanged
- Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Source: FIG 3 (A)
Description: Different fungal enrichments between the HTN and no-HTN groups. (a) Saliva.
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Hypertension (HTN)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Kluyveromyces | ||
| Exophiala spinifera | ||
| Tetrapisispora | ||
| Agaricus | ||
| Agaricus bisporus | ||
| Agaricaceae | ||
| Saccharomycopsis fibuligera | ||
| Colletotrichum orchidophilum | ||
| Thermochaetoides thermophila |
Revision editor(s): Rahila
Signature 2
Source: FIG 3 (A)
Description: Different fungal enrichments between the HTN and no-HTN groups. (a) Saliva.
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Hypertension (HTN)
Revision editor(s): Rahila
Experiment 5
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Subgingival dental plaque Subgingival plaque,Subgingival dental plaque,subgingival dental plaque
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- unchanged
- Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Source: FIG 3 (B)
Description: Different fungal enrichments in the subgingival plaque samples between the HTN and no-HTN groups.
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Hypertension (HTN)
Signature 2
Source: FIG 3 (B)
Description: Different fungal enrichments in the subgingival plaque samples between the HTN and no-HTN groups.
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Hypertension (HTN)
Experiment 6
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- increased
- Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Source: FIG 3 (C)
Description: Different fungal enrichments between the HTN and no-HTN groups. (c) Feces
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Hypertension (HTN)
Revision editor(s): Rahila
Signature 2
Source: FIG 3 (C)
Description: Different fungal enrichments between the HTN and no-HTN groups. (c) Feces
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Hypertension (HTN)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Herpotrichiellaceae | ||
| Chaetothyriales | ||
| Sordariales | ||
| Talaromyces pinophilus | ||
| Coniophoraceae | ||
| Coniophora puteana | ||
| Coniophora |
Revision editor(s): Rahila
Experiment 7
Needs review
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Saliva , Subgingival dental plaque Sailva normalis,Saliva atomaris,Saliva molecularis,Salivary gland secretion,Saliva,saliva,Subgingival plaque,Subgingival dental plaque,subgingival dental plaque
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Saliva samples (No HTN)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Subgingival plague samples (No HTN)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Subgingival plague samples from participants without Hypertension (No HTN)
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 24
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- increased
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- increased
- Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Experiment 8
Needs review
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Saliva samples (HTN)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Subgingival plague samples (HTN)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Subgingival plague samples from participants with Hypertension (HTN)
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 36
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 36
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- increased
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- increased
- Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Experiment 9
Needs review
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Subgingival dental plaque , Feces Subgingival plaque,Subgingival dental plaque,subgingival dental plaque,Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Subgingival plague samples (No HTN)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Fecal samples (No HTN)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Fecal samples from participants without Hypertension (No HTN)
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 24
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 24
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- decreased
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- decreased
- Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- decreased
Experiment 10
Needs review
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Subgingival plague samples (HTN)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Fecal samples (HTN)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Fecal samples from participants with Hypertension (HTN)
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 36
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 36
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- decreased
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- decreased
- Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- decreased
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