Characteristics and Correlations of the Oral and Gut Fungal Microbiome with Hypertension

From BugSigDB
Needs review
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI
Authors
Chen BY, Lin WZ, Li YL, Bi C, Du LJ, Liu Y, Zhou LJ, Liu T, Xu S, Shi CJ, Zhu H, Wang YL, Sun JY, Liu Y, Zhang WC, Zhang Z, Zhang HL, Zhu YQ, Duan SZ
Journal
Microbiology spectrum
Year
2023
Keywords:
gut fungal microbiome, hypertension, oral fungal microbiome, oral-gut fungal correlations
The mycobiome is an essential constituent of the human microbiome and is associated with various diseases. However, the role of oral and gut fungi in hypertension (HTN) remains largely unexplored. In this study, saliva, subgingival plaques, and feces were collected from 36 participants with HTN and 24 healthy controls for metagenomic sequencing. The obtained sequences were analyzed using the Kraken2 taxonomic annotation pipeline to assess fungal composition and diversity. Correlations between oral and gut fungi and clinic parameters, between fungi within the same sample types, and between different sample types were identified by Spearman's correlation analysis. Overall, the subgingival fungal microbiome had substantially higher alpha diversity than the salivary and fecal fungal microbiomes. The fungal microbiomes of the three sample types displayed distinct beta diversity from each other. Oral fungi but not gut fungi in HTN had beta diversity significantly different from that of controls. Among the fungi shared in the oral cavity and gut, Exophiala was the genus with the most notable changes. Exophiala spinifera was the most abundant salivary species in HTN. Some fungal species directly correlated with blood pressure, including gut Exophiala xenobiotica and Exophiala mesophila. The markedly impaired ecological cocorrelation networks of oral and gut fungi in HTN suggested compromised association among fungal species. Most fungi were shared in the oral cavity and gut, and their correlations suggested the potential interplays between oral and gut fungi. In conclusion, the oral cavity and intestine have unique fungal ecological environments. The fungal enrichment and ecology in HTN, the correlations between oral and gut fungi, and the associations between oral and gut fungi and clinical parameters suggest an important role that the fungal microbiome may play in HTN. IMPORTANCE Our study fills the gap in human studies investigating the oral and gut fungal microbiota in association with blood pressure. It characterizes the diversity and composition of the oral and gut fungal microbiome in human subjects, elucidates the dysbiosis of fungal ecology in a hypertensive population, and establishes oral-gut fungal correlations and fungus-clinical parameter correlations. Targeting fungi in the oral cavity and/or gut may provide novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.

Experiment 1


Needs review

Curated date: 2024/03/28

Curator: PromzyBA

Revision editor(s): PromzyBA, Scholastica

Subjects

Location of subjects
China
Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
Homo sapiens
Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
Saliva , Subgingival dental plaque Sailva normalis,Saliva atomaris,Saliva molecularis,Salivary gland secretion,Saliva,saliva,Subgingival plaque,Subgingival dental plaque,subgingival dental plaque
Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
Hypertension (hypertensive disease) or (hypertension),[X]Hypertensive diseases,[X]Hypertensive diseases (disorder),Blood Pressure, High,blood pressure, high,blood pressure, increased,Blood Pressures, High,High Blood Pressure,high blood pressure,High blood pressure (& [essential hypertension]),High Blood Pressures,HTN,HTN - hypertension,hyperpiesia,hypertension,hypertension NOS,HYPERTENSIVE DISEASE,hypertensive disease,Hypertensive disease (disorder),hypertensive disease NOS,Hypertensive disease NOS (disorder),hypertensive disorder,increased blood pressure,pressure, high blood,SURG COMP - HYPERTENSION,vascular hypertensive disorder,Hypertension
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Saliva samples
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Subgingival plague samples
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Subgingival plague samples from participants with Hypertension (HTN); n = 36 and without Hypertension (No HTN); n = 24
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
60
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
60
Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
2 months

Lab analysis

Sequencing type
WMS
16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
Not specified
Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
relative abundances
Statistical test
LEfSe
Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
0.05
MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
Yes
LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool
2

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
increased
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
increased
Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
unchanged
Richness Number of species
increased

Experiment 2


Needs review

Curated date: 2024/04/12

Curator: Scholastica

Revision editor(s): Scholastica

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
Saliva , Feces Sailva normalis,Saliva atomaris,Saliva molecularis,Salivary gland secretion,Saliva,saliva,Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Fecal samples
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Fecal samples from participants with Hypertension (HTN); n = 36 and without Hypertension (No HTN); n = 24

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
unchanged
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
unchanged
Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
unchanged
Richness Number of species
unchanged

Experiment 3


Needs review

Curated date: 2024/04/12

Curator: Scholastica

Revision editor(s): Scholastica

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
Subgingival dental plaque , Feces Subgingival plaque,Subgingival dental plaque,subgingival dental plaque,Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Subgingival plague samples

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
decreased
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
decreased
Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
unchanged
Richness Number of species
decreased

Experiment 4


Needs review

Curated date: 2024/04/12

Curator: Rahila

Revision editor(s): Rahila

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
Saliva Sailva normalis,Saliva atomaris,Saliva molecularis,Salivary gland secretion,Saliva,saliva
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
no-Hypertension (no-HTN)
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Hypertension (HTN)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Participants with Hypertension (HTN)
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
24
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
36

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
unchanged
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
unchanged
Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
unchanged
Richness Number of species
unchanged

Signature 1

Needs review

Curated date: 2024/04/12

Curator: Rahila

Revision editor(s): Rahila

Source: FIG 3 (A)

Description: Different fungal enrichments between the HTN and no-HTN groups. (a) Saliva.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Hypertension (HTN)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Kluyveromyces
Exophiala spinifera
Tetrapisispora
Agaricus
Agaricus bisporus
Agaricaceae
Saccharomycopsis fibuligera
Colletotrichum orchidophilum
Thermochaetoides thermophila

Revision editor(s): Rahila

Signature 2

Needs review

Curated date: 2024/04/12

Curator: Rahila

Revision editor(s): Rahila

Source: FIG 3 (A)

Description: Different fungal enrichments between the HTN and no-HTN groups. (a) Saliva.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Hypertension (HTN)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Aspergillus bombycis
Melampsora
Melampsora laricis-populina
Melampsoraceae
Metarhizium
Sugiyamaella
Sugiyamaella lignohabitans
Trichomonascaceae
Zymoseptoria
Zymoseptoria tritici
unclassified Hypocreomycetidae
unclassified Magnaporthe

Revision editor(s): Rahila

Experiment 5


Needs review

Curated date: 2024/04/12

Curator: Rahila

Revision editor(s): Rahila

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
Subgingival dental plaque Subgingival plaque,Subgingival dental plaque,subgingival dental plaque


Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
unchanged
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
unchanged
Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
unchanged
Richness Number of species
decreased

Signature 1

Needs review

Curated date: 2024/04/12

Curator: Rahila

Revision editor(s): Rahila

Source: FIG 3 (B)

Description: Different fungal enrichments between the HTN and no-HTN groups. (b) Subgingival plaques.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Hypertension (HTN)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Onygenales
Arthrodermataceae
Nannizzia gypsea
Nannizzia
Verticillium dahliae
Wallemiomycetes
Blastomyces gilchristii
Blastomyces
Wallemia
Wallemiales
Russulales
Wallemiaceae
Kwoniella pini
Wallemia mellicola
Trichoderma gamsii

Revision editor(s): Rahila

Signature 2

Needs review

Curated date: 2024/04/12

Curator: Rahila

Revision editor(s): Rahila

Source: FIG 3 (B)

Description: Different fungal enrichments between the HTN and no-HTN groups. (b) Subgingival plaques.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Hypertension (HTN)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Alternaria alternata
Chaetomium globosum
Cryptococcus neoformans
Gaeumannomyces tritici
Leptosphaeria
Leptosphaeriaceae
Magnaporthaceae
Magnaporthales
Pestalotiopsis
Pestalotiopsis fici
Plenodomus biglobosus
Saccharomycopsidaceae
Saccharomycopsis fibuligera
Scheffersomyces
Scheffersomyces stipitis
Sordariales
Sporocadaceae
Torulaspora
Torulaspora delbrueckii
Xylariales
unclassified Hypocreales
unclassified Saccharomycopsis

Revision editor(s): Rahila

Experiment 6


Needs review

Curated date: 2024/04/12

Curator: Rahila

Revision editor(s): Rahila

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces


Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
unchanged
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
increased
Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
unchanged
Richness Number of species
unchanged

Signature 1

Needs review

Curated date: 2024/04/12

Curator: Rahila

Revision editor(s): Rahila

Source: FIG 3 (C)

Description: Different fungal enrichments between the HTN and no-HTN groups. (c) Feces

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Hypertension (HTN)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Cryptococcaceae
Tremellales
Cryptococcus
unclassified Cryptococcus (in: basidiomycete fungi)
Tremellomycetes
Colletotrichum
Glomerellaceae
Aspergillus terreus
Spizellomyces
unclassified Dothideomycetes
Torulaspora
Spizellomyces punctatus
Torulaspora delbrueckii
Colletotrichum higginsianum
Spizellomycetaceae
Spizellomycetales
Komagataella
Trichoderma reesei
Komagataella phaffii
Aspergillus nomiae
Aspergillus fumigatus
Trichoderma virens

Revision editor(s): Rahila

Signature 2

Needs review

Curated date: 2024/04/12

Curator: Rahila

Revision editor(s): Rahila

Source: FIG 3 (C)

Description: Different fungal enrichments between the HTN and no-HTN groups. (c) Feces

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Hypertension (HTN)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Herpotrichiellaceae
Chaetothyriales
Sordariales
Talaromyces pinophilus
Coniophoraceae
Coniophora puteana
Coniophora

Revision editor(s): Rahila

Experiment 7


Needs review

Curated date: 2024/04/12

Curator: Rahila

Revision editor(s): Rahila, Scholastica

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
Saliva , Subgingival dental plaque Sailva normalis,Saliva atomaris,Saliva molecularis,Salivary gland secretion,Saliva,saliva,Subgingival plaque,Subgingival dental plaque,subgingival dental plaque
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Saliva samples (No HTN)
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Subgingival plague samples (No HTN)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Subgingival plague samples from participants without Hypertension (No HTN)
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
24

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
increased
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
increased
Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
unchanged
Richness Number of species
unchanged

Experiment 8


Needs review

Curated date: 2024/04/12

Curator: Scholastica

Revision editor(s): Scholastica

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Saliva samples (HTN)
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Subgingival plague samples (HTN)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Subgingival plague samples from participants with Hypertension (HTN)
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
36
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
36

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
increased
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
increased
Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
unchanged
Richness Number of species
unchanged

Experiment 9


Needs review

Curated date: 2024/04/12

Curator: Scholastica

Revision editor(s): Scholastica

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
Subgingival dental plaque , Feces Subgingival plaque,Subgingival dental plaque,subgingival dental plaque,Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Subgingival plague samples (No HTN)
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Fecal samples (No HTN)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Fecal samples from participants without Hypertension (No HTN)
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
24
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
24

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
decreased
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
decreased
Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
unchanged
Richness Number of species
decreased

Experiment 10


Needs review

Curated date: 2024/04/12

Curator: Scholastica

Revision editor(s): Scholastica

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Subgingival plague samples (HTN)
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Fecal samples (HTN)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Fecal samples from participants with Hypertension (HTN)
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
36
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
36

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
decreased
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
decreased
Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
unchanged
Richness Number of species
decreased