OBJECTIVE: This study was to examine the alterations in metabolic parameters, anti-oxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD), inflammatory marker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and microbiota after 24-week risperidone treatment in drug naïve, normal weight, first episode schizophrenia patients; the study further examined the relationship between metabolic changes and changes in microbiota. METHODS: Forty-one patients completed the 24-week study and 41 controls were enrolled in this study. Metabolic parameters, SOD, hs-CRP and the copy numbers of 5 fecal bacteria were measured at baseline (both groups) and at different time points (patients only). RESULTS: Patients had significantly lower numbers of fecal Bifidobacterium spp., Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus spp. compared with healthy controls (HC) (ps < 0.001); in contrast, the numbers of fecal Clostridium coccoides group were significantly higher in the patient group compared with HC (p < 0.001). After 24-week risperidone treatment, there were significant increases in body weight, BMI, fasting blood-glucose, triglycerides, LDL, hs-CRP, SOD and HOMA-IR (p < 0.001), significant increases in the numbers of fecal Bifidobacterium spp. and E. coli (ps < 0.001), and significant decreases in the numbers of fecal Clostridium coccoides group and Lactobacillus spp. (ps < 0.001). Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis shows that after controlling for potential confounding variables, only the changes in fecal Bifidobacterium spp., among 4 types of fecal bacteria, entered into the model and significantly correlated with the changes in weight (unstandardized coefficient B = 4.413, R2 change = 0.167, p = 0.009) and BMI (B = 1.639, R2 change = 0.172, p = 0.008) after 24-week treatment. CONCLUSION: Drug naïve, first episode schizophrenia patients show abnormalities in microbiota composition. Risperidone treatment causes significant changes in certain fecal bacteria, which are likely associated with antipsychotic medication induced metabolic changes.
Experiment 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Atrayees on 2023-6-27
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- China
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
- Homo sapiens
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- healthy controls
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- schizophrenia
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia patients
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 41
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 41
- Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
- 1 month
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- Not specified
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- RT-qPCR
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- raw counts
- Statistical test
- T-Test
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- No
- Confounders controlled for Confounding factors that have been accounted for by stratification or model adjustment
- age, sex, smoking status
Signature 1
Source: table 2
Description: comparison of fecal bacteria between schizophrenic patients and controls
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance
in
schizophrenia
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|
| Bifidobacterium | | |
| Escherichia coli | | |
| Lactobacillus | | |
Revision editor(s): WikiWorks
Signature 2
Source: table 2
Description: comparison of fecal bacteria between schizophrenic patients and controls
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance
in
schizophrenia
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|
| Blautia coccoides | | |
Revision editor(s): Atrayees,
WikiWorks
