Neonates exposed to HIV but uninfected exhibit an altered gut microbiota and inflammation associated with impaired breast milk antibody function

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Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
Authors
Byrne A, Diener C, Brown BP, Maust BS, Feng C, Alinde BL, Gibbons SM, Koch M, Gray CM, Jaspan HB, Nyangahu DD
Journal
Microbiome
Year
2024
Keywords:
Gut microbiota, Inflammation, Neonates exposed to HIV but uninfected
BACKGROUND: Infants exposed to HIV but uninfected have altered immune profiles which include heightened systemic inflammation. The mechanism(s) underlying this phenomenon is unknown. Here, we investigated differences in neonatal gut bacterial and viral microbiome and associations with inflammatory biomarkers in plasma. Further, we tested whether HIV exposure impacts antibody-microbiota binding in neonatal gut and whether antibodies in breast milk impact the growth of commensal bacteria. RESULTS: Neonates exposed to HIV but uninfected (nHEU) exhibited altered gut bacteriome and virome compared to unexposed neonates (nHU). In addition, HIV exposure differentially impacted IgA-microbiota binding in neonates. The relative abundance of Blautia spp. in the whole stool or IgA-bound microbiota was positively associated with plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein. Finally, IgA from the breast milk of mothers living with HIV displayed a significantly lower ability to inhibit the growth of Blautia coccoides which was associated with inflammation in nHEU. CONCLUSION: nHEU exhibits profound alterations in gut bacterial microbiota with a mild impact on the enteric DNA virome. Elevated inflammation in nHEU could be due to a lower capacity of breast milk IgA from mothers living with HIV to limit growth the of gut bacteria associated with inflammation. Video Abstract.

Experiment 1


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-2-14

Curated date: 2025/01/29

Curator:

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Subjects

Location of subjects
South Africa
Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
Homo sapiens
Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
neonates HIV unexposed (nHU)
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
neonates exposed to HIV (nHEU)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
neonates exposed to HIV during pregnancy
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
34
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
34

Lab analysis

Sequencing type
WMS
16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
Not specified
Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Statistical test
Beta Binomial Regression
DESeq2
Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
0.05
MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
Yes

Alpha Diversity

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
unchanged

Signature 1

Needs review

Curated date: 2025/01/29

Curator: Fiddyhamma

Revision editor(s): Fiddyhamma, WikiWorks

Source: Figure 2C

Description: Differentially abundant taxa between nHEU and nHU determined by both DESeq2 and corncob.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Anaerocolumna cellulosilytica
Anaerostipes caccae
Anaerostipes hadrus
Anaerotruncus colihominis
Blautia liquoris
Blautia producta
Blautia pseudococcoides
Clostridioides difficile
Clostridium sp. M62/1
Coprococcus eutactus
Enterocloster clostridioformis
Hafnia alvei
Klebsiella grimontii
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Lachnoclostridium phocaeense
Lachnoclostridium sp. YL32
Lachnospira eligens
Lacrimispora saccharolytica
Lacrimispora sphenoides
Novisyntrophococcus fermenticellae
Roseburia hominis
Roseburia rectibacter
Shigella boydii
Shigella flexneri
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus hominis
Blautia parvula

Revision editor(s): Fiddyhamma, WikiWorks

Signature 2

Needs review

Curated date: 2025/01/29

Curator: Fiddyhamma

Revision editor(s): Fiddyhamma, WikiWorks

Source: Figure 2C

Description: Differentially abundant taxa between nHEU and nHU determined by both DESeq2 and corncob.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Tessaracoccus flavus
Sutterella megalosphaeroides
Schaalia odontolytica
Phenylobacterium zucineum
Phascolarctobacterium sp. Marseille-Q4147
Herbaspirillum sp. meg3
Enterobacter asburiae
Eggerthella lenta
Dickeya chrysanthemi
Burkholderia ubonensis
Bifidobacterium breve
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
Actinomyces sp. oral taxon 414
Actinomyces faecalis
Actinomyces sp. Chiba101
Actinomyces slackii

Revision editor(s): Fiddyhamma, WikiWorks

Experiment 2


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Curated date: 2025/01/29

Curator: Fiddyhamma

Revision editor(s): Fiddyhamma, KateRasheed, WikiWorks

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
unchanged

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-2-14

Curated date: 2025/01/29

Curator: Fiddyhamma

Revision editor(s): Fiddyhamma, WikiWorks

Source: Figure 3D

Description: Differentially abundant gut viruses between nHEU and nHU by DESeq2 and corncob.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in neonates exposed to HIV (nHEU)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Peduovirus
Biseptimavirus
Alegriavirus

Revision editor(s): Fiddyhamma, WikiWorks

Signature 2

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2025-2-14

Curated date: 2025/01/29

Curator: Fiddyhamma

Revision editor(s): Fiddyhamma, WikiWorks

Source: Figure 3D

Description: Differentially abundant gut viruses between nHEU and nHU by DESeq2 and corncob.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in neonates exposed to HIV (nHEU)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Peeveelvirus

Revision editor(s): Fiddyhamma, WikiWorks

Experiment 3


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Curated date: 2025/01/29

Curator:

Revision editor(s):

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) bound fraction neonates HIV unexposed (nHU)
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) bound fraction neonates exposed to HIV (nHEU)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
IgA bound fraction neonates exposed to HIV during pregnancy

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
increased

Signature 1

Needs review

Curated date: 2025/01/29

Curator: Fiddyhamma

Revision editor(s): Fiddyhamma, WikiWorks

Source: Figure 4F

Description: Differentially abundant bacterial taxa in IgA bound fraction

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Acidaminococcus fermentans
Amedibacterium intestinale
Anaerostipes hadrus
Bacteroides caccae
Bacteroides fragilis
Bacteroides ovatus
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
Blautia hansenii
Blautia liquoris
Blautia producta
Blautia pseudococcoides
Clostridioides difficile
Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium sp. M62/1
Coprococcus catus
Coprococcus sp. ART55/1
Dorea longicatena
Enterocloster clostridioformis
Enterococcus faecium
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii
Faecalicatena sp. Marseille-Q4148
Faecalitalea cylindroides
Flavonifractor plautii
Lachnoclostridium phocaeense
Lachnoclostridium sp. YL32
Lachnospira eligens
Novisyntrophococcus fermenticellae
Parabacteroides merdae
Prevotella melaninogenica
Roseburia hominis
Roseburia intestinalis
Roseburia rectibacter
Ruminococcus bicirculans (ex Liu et al. 2021)
Ruminococcus bovis
Segatella copri
Sellimonas intestinalis
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus oralis
Streptococcus sanguinis
Streptococcus sp. oral taxon 431
[Clostridium] scindens
[Eubacterium] hominis
Blautia parvula

Revision editor(s): Fiddyhamma, WikiWorks

Signature 2

Needs review

Curated date: 2025/01/29

Curator: Fiddyhamma

Revision editor(s): Fiddyhamma, WikiWorks

Source: Fig 4E

Description: Differentially abundant bacterial taxa in IgA bound fraction

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Actinomyces faecalis

Revision editor(s): Fiddyhamma, WikiWorks