The Perturbation of Infant Gut Microbiota Caused by Cesarean Delivery Is Partially Restored by Exclusive Breastfeeding

Study information

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Rimsha Azhar on 2021/02/09

study design

cross-sectional observational, not case-control

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

30972048

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.3389/fmicb.2019.00598

URI

Authors

Liu Y, Qin S, Song Y, Feng Y, Lv N, Xue Y, Liu F, Wang S, Zhu B, Ma J, Yang H

Journal

Frontiers in microbiology

Year

2019

Keywords:

breastfeeding, delivery mode, early life, gut microbiome, infant, postnatal antibiotic exposure

Early establishment of the infant gut microbiome has been attributed to various environmental factors that may influence long-term health. The aim of this study was to determine the single and combined impacts of the delivery mode, feeding pattern and postnatal antibiotic exposure on the initial establishment of infant gut microbiome at 6 weeks postpartum. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a single center in China. Fecal samples were collected from 120 infants at 6 weeks postpartum. The V3-V4 regions of 16S rRNA gene were analyzed by Illumina sequencing, and clinical information was obtained from medical records and questionnaire survey. Compared with vaginally delivered infants, the gut microbial community structure of cesarean delivered infants were significantly different (P = 0.044), in parallel with the decreased relative abundance of Bifidobacterium (P = 0.028), which contrasts with the normal gut microbial establishment. Using the vaginally delivered and exclusively breastfed (VB) infants as a reference, the comparative analysis of cesarean delivered and exclusively breastfed (CB) infants with cesarean delivered and mixed-fed (CM) infants showed that both within- and between-group UniFrac distance were significantly smaller in CB infants (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). LEfSe analysis showed that the relative abundances of Enterococcus, Veillonella, and Faecalibacterium were significantly different between CB and CM infants, whereas the relative abundances of those genera in VB infants were close to those of CB infants, and distinct from those of CM infants. Additionally, no significant difference of microbial composition, alpha diversity, or community structure was observed between postnatal antibiotics exposed infants and unexposed infants. In summary, delivery mode had a significant impact on the infant gut microbial community structure and composition, and the gut microbiota was disturbed in infants delivered by cesarean section. However, our study showed that this disturbance of gut microbiota in cesarean delivered infants was partially restored by exclusive breastfeeding in comparison with mixed feeding. No distinct impact of postnatal antibiotic exposure on infant gut microbiome was found at 6 weeks of age.

Experiment 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Rimsha Azhar on 2021/02/09

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, Victoria

Subjects

Location of subjects: China

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.: Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Cesarean section caesarean section,Cesarean section,cesarean section

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: vaginal born children

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: cesarean born

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: cesarean delivery

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 60

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 34

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V3-V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).: relative abundances

Statistical test: LEfSe

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05

MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: No

LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool: 3

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: unchanged

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Rimsha Azhar on 2021/02/09

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Yaseen Javaid

Revision editor(s): Merit, WikiWorks

Source: Figure 1C and Text

Description: The Perturbation of Infant Gut Microbiota Caused by Cesarean Delivery Is Partially Restored by Exclusive Breastfeeding

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in cesarean born

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Amylolactobacillus amylophilus
Bacillota
Clostridia
Clostridiaceae
Clostridiales bacterium
Eubacteriales
Lactobacillaceae
Lactobacillus
Negativicutes
Selenomonadales
Veillonellales

Revision editor(s): Merit, WikiWorks

Signature 2

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Rimsha Azhar on 2021/02/09

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Yaseen Javaid

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Source: Figure 1C and Text

Description: The Perturbation of Infant Gut Microbiota Caused by Cesarean Delivery Is Partially Restored by Exclusive Breastfeeding

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in cesarean born

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Actinomycetota
Bifidobacteriales
Bifidobacteriaceae
Bifidobacterium

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Experiment 2

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Rimsha Azhar on 2021/02/09

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, Victoria

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: cesarean born and breastfed

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: cesarean born and mixed-fed

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: cesarean delivery and mixed-fed