Metagenomic Profiling of Ocular Surface Microbiome Changes in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Study information

Needs review

study design

case-control

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

32673387

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1167/iovs.61.8.22

URI

Authors

Zhao F, Zhang D, Ge C, Zhang L, Reinach PS, Tian X, Tao C, Zhao Z, Zhao C, Fu W, Zeng C, Chen W

Journal

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science

Year

2020

PURPOSE: Ocular surface microbiome changes can affect meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) development. This study aimed to delineate differences among the microbiome of eyelid skin, conjunctiva, and meibum in healthy controls (HCs) and patients afflicted with MGD. METHODS: Shotgun metagenomic analysis was used to determine if there are differences between the microbial communities in ocular sites surrounding the meibomian gland in healthy individuals and patients afflicted with MGD. RESULTS: The meibum bacterial content of these microbiomes was dissimilar in these two different types of individuals. Almost all of the most significant taxonomic changes in the meibum microbiome of individuals with MGD were also present in their eyelid skin, but not in the conjunctiva. Such site-specific microbe pattern changes accompany increases in the gene expression levels controlling carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Most of the microbiomes in patients with MGD possess a microbe population capable of metabolizing benzoate. Pathogens known to underlie ocular infection were evident in these individuals. MGD meibum contained an abundance of Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, and Enterococcus faecium pathogens, which were almost absent from HCs. Functional annotation indicated that in the microbiomes of MGD meibum their capability to undergo chemotaxis, display immune evasive virulence, and mediate type IV secretion was different than that in the microbiomes of meibum isolated from HCs. CONCLUSIONS: MGD meibum contains distinct microbiota whose immune evasive virulence is much stronger than that in the HCs. Profiling differences between the meibum microbiome makeup in HCs and patients with MGD characterizes changes of microbial communities associated with the disease status.

Experiment 1

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Curated date: 2024/11/04

Curator: Rahila

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Subjects

Location of subjects: China

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.: Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Meibum , Skin of eyelid , Conjunctiva Tarsal gland secretion,Meibum,meibum,Blepharon zone of skin,Eyelid skin,Eyelid zone of skin,Zone of skin of blepharon,Zone of skin of eyelid,Skin of eyelid,skin of eyelid,Conjunctiva,conjunctiva,Conjunctivae,Conjunctivas,Tunica conjunctiva,Wall of conjunctival sac

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Meibomian cyst chalazia,Chalazion,chalazion,cyst, Meibomian,Meibomian cyst,meibomian gland lipogranuloma,meibomian cyst

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Healthy Control (HCs)

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Patients diagnosed with MGD Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 15

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 61

Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any): Antibiotic usage within 6 months.

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: WMS

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: Not specified

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).: raw counts

Statistical test: DESeq2

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05

MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: Yes

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: decreased

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness: unchanged

Signature 1

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Curated date: 2024/11/05

Curator: Rahila

Revision editor(s): Rahila

Source: Supplementary Figure S2D

Description: Pathogens with differential incidences in meibum between MGD patients and healthy controls (p<0.05)

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Malassezia globosa
Campylobacter coli
Pseudomonas protegens
Campylobacter jejuni
Enterococcus faecium
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Escherichia coli
Ralstonia pickettii
Pseudomonas mosselii
Enterobacter cloacae complex
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Comamonas testosteroni
Serratia marcescens
Bacillus licheniformis
Neisseria sicca
Yarrowia lipolytica
Neisseria meningitidis
Roseomonas gilardii
Staphylococcus capitis

Revision editor(s): Rahila