Profiling the differences of gut microbial structure between schizophrenia patients with and without violent behaviors based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing

Study information

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study design

cross-sectional observational, not case-control

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

33067643

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1007/s00414-020-02439-1

URI

Authors

Chen X, Xu J, Wang H, Luo J, Wang Z, Chen G, Jiang D, Cao R, Huang H, Luo D, Xiao X, Hu J

Journal

International journal of legal medicine

Year

2021

Keywords:

16S rRNA gene sequencing, Forensic psychiatry, Gut microbiota, Schizophrenia, Violence

Understanding the violence behaviors in schizophrenia patients has always been the focus of forensic psychiatry. Although many studies show gut microbiota could regulate behavior, to our knowledge, no studies have profiled the gut microbiota structure in schizophrenia patients with violence. We profiled the characteristics of gut microbiota structure in 26 schizophrenia patients with violence (V.SCZ) by comparing with that of 16 schizophrenia patients without violence (NV.SCZ) under the control of confounders, and found the differences of gut microbiota structure between the two groups. Violence was assessed by the MacArthur Community Violence Instrument. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to identify and relatively quantify gut microbial composition. Bioinformatics analysis was used to find differential gut microbial composition between the V.SCZ and NV.SCZ groups. Fifty-nine differential microbial taxonomic compositions were found between the two groups. Fifteen gut microbial compositions were the key microbial taxonomic compositions responsible for the differences between the V.SCZ and NV.SCZ groups, including five enriched microbial taxonomic compositions (p_Bacteroidetes, c_Bacteroidia, o_Bacteroidales, f_Prevotellaceae, s_Bacteroides_uniformis), and ten impoverished microbial taxonomic compositions (p_Actinobacteria, c_unidentified_Actinobacteria, o_Bifidobacteriales, f_ Enterococcaceae, f_Veillonellaceae, f_Bifidobacteriaceae, g_Enterococcus, g_Candidatus_Saccharimonas, g_Bifidobacterium, and s_Bifidobacterium_pseudocatenulatum). This study profiled the differences of gut microbiota between schizophrenia patients with violence and without violence. These results could enrich the etiological understanding of violence in schizophrenia and might be helpful to violence management in the future.

Experiment 1

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Curated date: 2024/11/11

Curator: Tino

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Subjects

Location of subjects: China

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.: Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Schizophrenia [X]Schizophrenia, unspecified,[X]Schizophrenia, unspecified (disorder),Dementia Praecox,Disorder, Schizophrenic,Disorders, Schizophrenic,Other specified types of schizophrenia,Other specified types of schizophrenia, chronic state,Other specified types of schizophrenia, chronic state with acute exacerbation,Other specified types of schizophrenia, in remission,Other specified types of schizophrenia, subchronic state,Other specified types of schizophrenia, subchronic state with acute exacerbation,Other specified types of schizophrenia, unspecified state,SCHIZO NEC-CHR/EXACERB,SCHIZO NEC-SUBCHR/EXACER,SCHIZO NOS-CHR/EXACERB,SCHIZO NOS-SUBCHR/EXACER,schizoaffective disorder,schizophrenia,schizophrenia (disease),Schizophrenia (disorder),SCHIZOPHRENIA NEC-CHR,SCHIZOPHRENIA NEC-REMISS,SCHIZOPHRENIA NEC-SUBCHR,SCHIZOPHRENIA NEC-UNSPEC,Schizophrenia NOS,Schizophrenia NOS (disorder),SCHIZOPHRENIA NOS-UNSPEC,schizophrenia with or without an affective disorder,Schizophrenia, NOS,schizophrenia-1,Schizophrenias,SCHIZOPHRENIC DIS,Schizophrenic Disorder,Schizophrenic Disorders,Schizophrenic disorders (disorder),SCZD,Unspecified schizophrenia,Unspecified schizophrenia (disorder),Unspecified schizophrenia, chronic state with acute exacerbation,Unspecified schizophrenia, subchronic state with acute exacerbation,Unspecified schizophrenia, unspecified state,Schizophrenia

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Schizophrenia patients without violence (NV.SCV)

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Schizophrenia patients with violence (V.SCZ)

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: The Schizophrenia patients with violence (V.SCV) acted violent behavior since they were diagnosed with schizophrenia. The violent behavior was identified according to the serious violence identification of the MacArthur Community Violence Instrument (MCVI): (1) batteries that resulted in physical injury or involved the use of a weapon, (2) sexual assaults, (3) threats made with a weapon in hand. If they acted any of the above behaviors since they were diagnosed with schizophrenia, they were classified into the V.SCZ group

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 16

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 26

Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any): Patients were excluded if they used antibiotics in the last 3 months.

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V3-V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Ion Torrent

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).: relative abundances

Statistical test: LEfSe

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05

MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: Yes

LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool: 4

Confounders controlled for Confounding factors that have been accounted for by stratification or model adjustment: age, diet, region, Confounders controlled for: "disease" is not in the list (abnormal glucose tolerance, acetaldehyde, acute graft vs. host disease, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, adenoma, age, AIDS, alcohol consumption measurement, alcohol drinking, ...) of allowed values.disease

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: unchanged

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness: unchanged

Richness Number of species: unchanged

Signature 1

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Curated date: 2024/11/11

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Source: Figure 3a

Description: The key microbial taxonomic compositions responsible for the differences between the V.SCZ and NV.SCZ groups.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Schizophrenia patients with violence (V.SCZ)

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Bacteroidales
Bacteroidia
Prevotellaceae
Bacteroides uniformis

Revision editor(s): Tino

Signature 2

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Curated date: 2024/11/11

Curator: Tino

Revision editor(s): Tino

Source: Figure 3a

Description: The key microbial taxonomic compositions responsible for the differences between the V.SCZ and NV.SCZ groups.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Schizophrenia patients with violence (V.SCZ)

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Actinomycetota
Bifidobacteriaceae
Bifidobacteriales
Bifidobacterium
Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum
Candidatus Saccharimonas
Enterococcaceae
Enterococcus
Veillonellaceae
unidentified Actinobacteriaunidentified Actinobacteria

Revision editor(s): Tino