Insights into the gut microbiome of vitiligo patients from India

Study information

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2024-12-18

study design

case-control

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

39468434

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1186/s12866-024-03529-5

URI

https://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12866-024-03529-5#data-availability

Authors

Kumar S, Mahajan S, Kale D, Chourasia N, Khan A, Asati D, Kotnis A, Sharma VK

Journal

BMC microbiology

Year

2024

Keywords:

Autoimmune disease, Dysbiosis, Gut Microbiome, Gut-skin axis, Vitiligo

BACKGROUND: Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease characterized by loss of pigmentation in the skin. It affects 0.4 to 2% of the global population, but the factors that trigger autoimmunity remain elusive. Previous work on several immune-mediated dermatological disorders has illuminated the substantial roles of the gut microbiome in disease pathogenesis. Here, we examined the gut microbiome composition in a cohort of vitiligo patients and healthy controls from India, including patients with a family history of the disease. RESULTS: Our results show significant alterations in the gut microbiome of vitiligo patients compared to healthy controls, affecting taxonomic and functional profiles as well as community structure. We observed a reduction in the abundance of several bacterial taxa commonly associated with a healthy gut microbiome and noted a decrease in the abundance of SCFA (Short Chain Fatty Acids) producing taxa in the vitiligo group. Observation of a higher abundance of genes linked to bacteria-mediated degradation of intestinal mucus suggested a potential compromise of the gut mucus barrier in vitiligo. Functional analysis also revealed a higher abundance of fatty acid and lipid metabolism-related genes in the vitiligo group. Combined analysis with data from a French cohort of vitiligo also led to the identification of common genera differentiating healthy and gut microbiome across populations. CONCLUSION: Our observations, together with available data, strengthen the role of gut microbiome dysbiosis in symptom exacerbation and possibly pathogenesis in vitiligo. The reported microbiome changes also showed similarities with other autoimmune disorders, suggesting common gut microbiome-mediated mechanisms in autoimmune diseases. Further investigation can lead to the exploration of dietary interventions and probiotics for the management of these conditions.

Experiment 1

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Curated date: 2024/11/14

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Subjects

Location of subjects: India

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.: Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Vitiligo VAMAS6,vitiligo,vitiligo-associated multiple autoimmune disease susceptibility 6,Vitiligo

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Healthy Control

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Vitiligo Patients

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Patients diagnosed with Vitiligo

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 10

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 22

Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any): Individuals receiving antibiotics were excluded from the study

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V3

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).: relative abundances

Statistical test: LEfSe

LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool: 2.0

Matched on Factors on which subjects have been matched on in a case-control study: age, sex

Alpha Diversity

Pielou Quantifies how equal the community is numerically: unchanged

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: unchanged

Richness Number of species: unchanged

Faith Phylogenetic diversity, takes into account phylogenetic distance of all taxa identified in a sample: unchanged

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Svetlana up on 2024-12-18

Curated date: 2024/11/15

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Source: Table S7

Description: Differentially abundant genera and species identified by LEfSe analysis in the control and vitiligo groups.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in

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Parabacteroides merdae
Prevotella
Segatella copri

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Source: Table S7

Description: Differentially abundant genera and species identified by LEfSe analysis in the control and vitiligo groups.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Anaerobutyricum
Anaerobutyricum soehngenii
Bulleidia
Caecibacter
Candidatus Nanosynbacter
Capnocytophaga
Cellvibrio
Clostridioides
Clostridioides difficile
Enterobacter hormaechei
Eubacterium
Exiguobacterium
Flavobacterium
Gemella
Howardella
Howardella ureilytica
Kingella
Kosakonia
Lachnospira
Lactimicrobium massiliense
Paraclostridium
Parafannyhessea
Parafannyhessea umbonata
Pectobacterium
Pectobacterium parmentieri
Peptidiphaga
Peptostreptococcus stomatis
Pseudomonas
Pseudonocardia
Pygmaiobacter
Reyranella
Romboutsia
Romboutsia hominis
Romboutsia ilealis
Caecibacter sp003467125Caecibacter sp003467125
Peptidiphaga sp000466165Peptidiphaga sp000466165
ER4_sp900317525ER4_sp900317525
Enterobacter
Paraclostridium sordellii

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