Intra-oral halitosis (IOH) is an unpleasant odor emanating from the oral cavity. It is thought that the microbiota of the dorsal tongue coating plays a crucial role in this condition. The aim of the study was to investigate the composition of the tongue microbiome in subjects with and without IOH. A total of 26 subjects, 16 IOH patients and 10 healthy subjects were recruited based on their organoleptic score and volatile sulfur compound (VSC) measurements. The composition of the tongue microbiome was studied using the 16s amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 hyper variable region with an Illumina MiSeq. The sequenced data were analyzed using QIIME, and the sequences obtained were distributed across 7 phyla, 27 genera and 825 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). At a higher taxon level, TM7 was associated with IOH patients whereas Gemellaceae was significantly abundant in the healthy subjects. At OTU level, we found several significant OTUs that differentiated the IOH patients from the controls. These included Aggregatibacter (OTU id 4335776), Aggregatibacter segnis (A. segnis), Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga, Clostridiales, Dialister, Leptotrichia, Parvimonas, Peptostreptococcus, Peptococcus, Prevotella, Selenomonas, SR1, Tannerella, TM7-3 and Treponema in the IOH group. In the control group, Aggregatibacter (OTU id 4363066), Haemophilus, Haemophilus parainfluenza (H. parainfluenza), Moryella, Oribacterium, Prevotella, several Streptococcus, Rothia dentocariosa (R. dentocariosa) and OTU from Gemellaceae were significantly abundant. Based on our observation, it was concluded that the bacterial qualitative composition of the IOH and the control group was almost the same, except for the few above-mentioned bacterial species and genera.
Experiment 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Shaimaa Elsafoury on 2021/02/09
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- Netherlands
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
- Homo sapiens
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Control
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Oral Halitosis
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- IOH patient group was selected based on an organoleptic score of >= 2 from the mouth and nose =< 1, having a VSC level > 160 ppb, and H2S > 4 nmol/ L (96 ppb) and CH3SH > 0.5 nmol/L (12 ppb) and a DPSI of =< 2
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 5
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 10
- Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
- 3 months
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- V3-V4
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- raw counts
- Statistical test
- DESeq2
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- Yes
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Shaimaa Elsafoury on 2021/02/09
Source: Figure 4
Description: Significant differentially abundant OTU of intr-aoral halitosis and Control
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance
in
Oral Halitosis
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|
| Aggregatibacter segnis | | |
| Campylobacter | | |
| Tannerella | | |
| Dialister | | |
| Peptostreptococcus | | |
| Selenomonas | | |
| Leptotrichia | | |
| Peptococcus | | |
| Eubacteriales | | |
| Parvimonas | | |
| Treponema | | |
| Capnocytophaga | | |
| Aggregatibacter | | |
| Prevotella | | |
Revision editor(s): WikiWorks
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Shaimaa Elsafoury on 2021/02/09
Source: Figure 4
Description: Significant differentially abundant OTU of intra-oral halitosis and Control
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance
in
Oral Halitosis
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|
| Aggregatibacter | | |
| Haemophilus | | |
| Haemophilus parainfluenzae | | |
| Moryella | | |
| Oribacterium | | |
| Prevotella | | |
| Rothia dentocariosa | | |
| Streptococcus | | |
| Peptococcus | | |
| Leptotrichia | | |
Revision editor(s): Merit,
WikiWorks
