Cigarette smoke promotes colorectal cancer through modulation of gut microbiota and related metabolites
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Study information
incomplete
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI Uniform resource identifier for web resources.
Authors
Bai X, Wei H, Liu W, Coker OO, Gou H, Liu C, Zhao L, Li C, Zhou Y, Wang G, Kang W, Ng EK, Yu J
Journal
Gut
Year
2022
OBJECTIVE: Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to investigate whether cigarette smoke promotes CRC by altering the gut microbiota and related metabolites. DESIGN: Azoxymethane-treated C57BL/6 mice were exposed to cigarette smoke or clean air 2 hours per day for 28 weeks. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry were parallelly performed on mice stools to investigate alterations in microbiota and metabolites. Germ-free mice were transplanted with stools from smoke-exposed and smoke-free control mice. RESULTS: Mice exposed to cigarette smoke had significantly increased tumour incidence and cellular proliferation compared with smoke-free control mice. Gut microbial dysbiosis was observed in smoke-exposed mice with significant differential abundance of bacterial species including the enrichment of Eggerthella lenta and depletion of Parabacteroides distasonis and Lactobacillus spp. Metabolomic analysis showed increased bile acid metabolites, especially taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) in the colon of smoke-exposed mice. We found that E. lenta had the most positive correlation with TDCA in smoke-exposed mice. Moreover, smoke-exposed mice manifested enhanced oncogenic MAPK/ERK (mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‑regulated protein kinase 1/2) signalling (a downstream target of TDCA) and impaired gut barrier function. Furthermore, germ-free mice transplanted with stools from smoke-exposed mice (GF-AOMS) had increased colonocyte proliferation. Similarly, GF-AOMS showed increased abundances of gut E. lenta and TDCA, activated MAPK/ERK pathway and impaired gut barrier in colonic epithelium. CONCLUSION: The gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by cigarette smoke plays a protumourigenic role in CRC. The smoke-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis altered gut metabolites and impaired gut barrier function, which could activate oncogenic MAPK/ERK signalling in colonic epithelium.
Experiment 2
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- China
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled (if applicable)
- Mus musculus
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- colorectal cancer cancer of colorectum,cancer of large bowel,cancer of large intestine,cancer of the large bowel,colon cancer,colorectal cancer,colorectum cancer,CRC,large intestine cancer,malignant colorectal neoplasm,malignant colorectal tumor,malignant colorectum neoplasm,malignant large bowel neoplasm,malignant large bowel tumor,malignant large intestine neoplasm,malignant large intestine tumor,malignant neoplasm of colorectum,malignant neoplasm of large bowel,malignant neoplasm of large intestine,malignant neoplasm of the large bowel,malignant neoplasm of the large intestine,malignant tumor of large bowel,malignant tumor of large intestine,malignant tumor of the large bowel,malignant tumor of the large intestine
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Smoke free group
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Smoke-exposed
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Mice exposed to cigarette smoke directly (4% of 2000 mL/ min airflow) 2 hours per day for 28 weeks.
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 15
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 15
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- WMS
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Statistical test
- PERMANOVA
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- Yes
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- decreased
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- decreased
- Richness Number of species
- decreased
Signature 1
Source: Figure 2c
Description: Differentially abundant bacteria in smoke-free and smoke-exposed mice intraperitoneally injected with carcinogen azoxymethane
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Smoke-exposed
Signature 2
Source: Figure 2c
Description: Differentially abundant bacteria in smoke-free and smoke-exposed mice intraperitoneally injected with carcinogen azoxymethane
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Smoke-exposed
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