Changes in the stool and oropharyngeal microbiome in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Study information

Needs review

study design

case-control

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

35087123

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1038/s41598-022-05480-9

URI Uniform resource identifier for web resources.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35087123/

Authors

Domènech L, Willis J, Alemany-Navarro M, Morell M, Real E, Escaramís G, Bertolín S, Sánchez Chinchilla D, Balcells S, Segalàs C, Estivill X, Menchón JM, Gabaldón T, Alonso P, Rabionet R

Journal

Scientific reports

Year

2022

Although the etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is largely unknown, it is accepted that OCD is a complex disorder. There is a known bi-directional interaction between the gut microbiome and brain activity. Several authors have reported associations between changes in gut microbiota and neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression or autism. Furthermore, a pediatric-onset neuropsychiatric OCD-related syndrome occurs after streptococcal infection, which might indicate that exposure to certain microbes could be involved in OCD susceptibility. However, only one study has investigated the microbiome of OCD patients to date. We performed 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based metagenomic sequencing to analyze the stool and oropharyngeal microbiome composition of 32 OCD cases and 32 age and gender matched controls. We estimated different α- and β-diversity measures and performed LEfSe and Wilcoxon tests to assess differences in bacterial distribution. OCD stool samples showed a trend towards lower bacterial α-diversity, as well as an increase of the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae, particularly of the genus Alistipes, and lower relative abundance of Prevotellaceae, and two genera within the Lachnospiraceae: Agathobacer and Coprococcus. However, we did not observe a different Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio between OCD cases and controls. Analysis of the oropharyngeal microbiome composition showed a lower Fusobacteria to Actinobacteria ratio in OCD cases. In conclusion, we observed an imbalance in the gut and oropharyngeal microbiomes of OCD cases, including, in stool, an increase of bacteria from the Rikenellaceae family, associated with gut inflammation, and a decrease of bacteria from the Coprococcus genus, associated with DOPAC synthesis.

Experiment 1

Edit History Delete

Mark reviewed

Your review change was submittedDuplicate this Experiment Add a new Signature

Needs review

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks743

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks753, WikiWorks743, Kahvecirem

Subjects

Location of subjects: United States of America

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled (if applicable): Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Meconium Meconium

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: antimicrobial agent antibiotic,antibiotics,Antibiotika,Antibiotikum,antibiotique,antimicrobial,antimicrobial agents,microbicide,microbicides,antimicrobial agent

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: without prenatal antibiotics usages
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: infants delivered to mothers with
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: infants delivered to mothers given prenatal antibiotics (antibiotics given to mother from conception to 2 days prior to delivery)
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 88
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 17

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V3-V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Statistical test: Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon)

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05
MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: Yes

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: unchanged
Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness: unchanged
Richness Number of species: unchanged

Signature 1

Edit History Delete

Mark reviewed

Your review change was submitted

Needs review

Curated date: 2020-06-21

Curator: Mst Afroza Parvin

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks743, Kahvecirem

Source: Text

Description: 3.3. Alpha Diversity; 3.4. Relative abundance of Taxa

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in infants delivered to mothers with

NCBI	Links
Clostridium
Enterobacteriaceae

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks743, Kahvecirem

Experiment 2

Edit History Delete

Mark reviewed

Your review change was submittedDuplicate this Experiment Add a new Signature

Needs review

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks743

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks753, WikiWorks743

Subjects

Location of subjects: United States of America

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled (if applicable): Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Meconium Meconium

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: antimicrobial agent antibiotic,antibiotics,Antibiotika,Antibiotikum,antibiotique,antimicrobial,antimicrobial agents,microbicide,microbicides,antimicrobial agent

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: without peripartum antibiotics usages
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: infants delivered to mothers with
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: infants delivered to mothers given preipartum antibiotics (antibiotics given to mother 2 days prior to delivery to during delivery)
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 43
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 62

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Statistical test: Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon)

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05
MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: Yes

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: increased
Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness: increased
Richness Number of species: unchanged