Changes in the stool and oropharyngeal microbiome in obsessive-compulsive disorder
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Study information
-
Quality control
- Retracted paper
- Contamination issues suspected
- Batch effect issues suspected
- Uncontrolled confounding suspected
- Results are suspect (various reasons)
- Tags applied
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
Authors
Domènech L, Willis J, Alemany-Navarro M, Morell M, Real E, Escaramís G, Bertolín S, Sánchez Chinchilla D, Balcells S, Segalàs C, Estivill X, Menchón JM, Gabaldón T, Alonso P, Rabionet R
Journal
Scientific reports
Year
2022
Although the etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is largely unknown, it is accepted that OCD is a complex disorder. There is a known bi-directional interaction between the gut microbiome and brain activity. Several authors have reported associations between changes in gut microbiota and neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression or autism. Furthermore, a pediatric-onset neuropsychiatric OCD-related syndrome occurs after streptococcal infection, which might indicate that exposure to certain microbes could be involved in OCD susceptibility. However, only one study has investigated the microbiome of OCD patients to date. We performed 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based metagenomic sequencing to analyze the stool and oropharyngeal microbiome composition of 32 OCD cases and 32 age and gender matched controls. We estimated different α- and β-diversity measures and performed LEfSe and Wilcoxon tests to assess differences in bacterial distribution. OCD stool samples showed a trend towards lower bacterial α-diversity, as well as an increase of the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae, particularly of the genus Alistipes, and lower relative abundance of Prevotellaceae, and two genera within the Lachnospiraceae: Agathobacer and Coprococcus. However, we did not observe a different Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio between OCD cases and controls. Analysis of the oropharyngeal microbiome composition showed a lower Fusobacteria to Actinobacteria ratio in OCD cases. In conclusion, we observed an imbalance in the gut and oropharyngeal microbiomes of OCD cases, including, in stool, an increase of bacteria from the Rikenellaceae family, associated with gut inflammation, and a decrease of bacteria from the Coprococcus genus, associated with DOPAC synthesis.
Statistical test
LEfSe
Experiment 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2023-5-22
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- Spain
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled (if applicable)
- Homo sapiens
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- obsessive-compulsive disorder Anancastic neurosis,obsessive compulsive disorder,obsessive-compulsive disorder,OCD
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Control (healthy group)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- OCD T0 (Baseline)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Patients with Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which is a neuropsychiatric condition characterized by intrusive and unwanted thoughts (termed obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (termed compulsions), which are carried out to at least partially alleviate the anxiety or distress brought on by the obsessions. Timepoint 0 was the baseline timepoint prior to three months of pharmacological treatment and cognitive behavioral therapy (referred to as T0).
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 33
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 32
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- V3-V4
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- relative abundances
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- Yes
- LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool
- 2.0
- Matched on Factors on which subjects have been matched on in a case-control study
- age, sex
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- decreased
- Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
- unchanged
- Inverse Simpson Modification of Simpsons index D as 1/D to obtain high values in datasets of high diversity and vice versa
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- decreased
- Faith Phylogenetic diversity, takes into account phylogenetic distance of all taxa identified in a sample
- decreased
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2023-5-22
Curated date: 2023/03/24
Curator: Kahvecirem
Revision editor(s): Kahvecirem, Aiyshaaaa, Merit, Claregrieve1
Source: Figure 3A
Description: Differential microbial abundance in stool samples between controls and OCD patients at the T0 timepoint
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in OCD T0 (Baseline)
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Alistipes | ||
| Anaerostipes | ||
| Barnesiellaceae | ||
| Coprobacter | ||
| Flavonifractor | ||
| Hungatella | ||
| Oscillibacter | ||
| Rikenellaceae | ||
| Mollicutes | ||
| Oscillospiraceae bacterium |
Revision editor(s): Kahvecirem, Aiyshaaaa, Merit, Claregrieve1
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2023-5-22
Source: Figure 3A
Description: Differential microbial abundance in stool samples between controls and OCD patients at the T0 timepoint
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in OCD T0 (Baseline)
Revision editor(s): Kahvecirem, Merit, Claregrieve1
Experiment 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2023-5-22
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Oropharynx Mesopharynx,Oral part of pharynx,Pars oralis pharyngis,Oropharynx
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- OCD T0
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 32
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- unchanged
- Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
- unchanged
- Inverse Simpson Modification of Simpsons index D as 1/D to obtain high values in datasets of high diversity and vice versa
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
- Faith Phylogenetic diversity, takes into account phylogenetic distance of all taxa identified in a sample
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2023-5-22
Curated date: 2023/03/24
Curator: Kahvecirem
Revision editor(s): Kahvecirem, Aiyshaaaa, Merit, Claregrieve1
Source: Figure 4A
Description: Differential microbial abundance in oropharyngeal samples between controls and T0 OCD patients
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in OCD T0
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Oribacterium | ||
| Actinomyces | ||
| Actinomycetales | ||
| Atopobiaceae | ||
| Atopobium | ||
| Coriobacteriales | ||
| Coriobacteriia | ||
| Lachnoanaerobaculum | ||
| Lachnospiraceae | ||
| Mogibacterium | ||
| Oribacterium sp. |
Revision editor(s): Kahvecirem, Aiyshaaaa, Merit, Claregrieve1
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2023-5-22
Curated date: 2023/03/24
Curator: Kahvecirem
Revision editor(s): Kahvecirem, Aiyshaaaa, Merit, Claregrieve1
Source: Figure 4A
Description: Differential microbial abundance in oropharyngeal samples between controls and T0 OCD patients
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in OCD T0
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Fusobacteriaceae | ||
| Fusobacteriales | ||
| Fusobacteriia | ||
| Peptostreptococcaceae bacterium |
Revision editor(s): Kahvecirem, Aiyshaaaa, Merit, Claregrieve1
Experiment 3
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2023-5-22
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- OCD T3
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) which is a neuropsychiatric condition characterized by intrusive and unwanted thoughts (termed obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (termed compulsions), which are carried out to at least partially alleviate the anxiety or distress brought on by the obsessions. Timepoint 3 is following three months of pharmacological treatment and cognitive behavioral therapy (referred to as T3).
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 33
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 31
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- unchanged
- Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
- unchanged
- Inverse Simpson Modification of Simpsons index D as 1/D to obtain high values in datasets of high diversity and vice versa
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
- Faith Phylogenetic diversity, takes into account phylogenetic distance of all taxa identified in a sample
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2023-5-22
Curated date: 2023/03/29
Curator: Kahvecirem
Revision editor(s): Kahvecirem, Atrayees, Merit, Claregrieve1
Source: Figure S4
Description: Differential microbial abundance in stool samples between controls and OCD patients at the T3 timepoint
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in OCD T3
Revision editor(s): Kahvecirem, Atrayees, Merit, Claregrieve1
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2023-5-22
Source: Figure S4
Description: Differential microbial abundance in stool samples between controls and OCD patients at the T3 timepoint
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in OCD T3
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Catenibacterium | ||
| Coprococcus | ||
| Intestinibacter | ||
| Lachnospira sp. | ||
| Paraprevotella | ||
| Peptostreptococcaceae | ||
| Prevotellaceae | ||
| Romboutsia | ||
| Veillonellaceae |
Revision editor(s): Kahvecirem, Merit, Claregrieve1
Experiment 4
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2023-5-22
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Oropharynx Mesopharynx,Oral part of pharynx,Pars oralis pharyngis,Oropharynx
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 32
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- unchanged
- Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
- unchanged
- Inverse Simpson Modification of Simpsons index D as 1/D to obtain high values in datasets of high diversity and vice versa
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
- Faith Phylogenetic diversity, takes into account phylogenetic distance of all taxa identified in a sample
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2023-5-22
Curated date: 2023/03/29
Curator: Kahvecirem
Revision editor(s): Kahvecirem, Aiyshaaaa, Claregrieve1
Source: Figure S6
Description: Differential microbial abundance in oropharyngeal samples between controls and T3 OCD patients
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in OCD T3
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Actinomyces | ||
| Actinomycetaceae | ||
| Actinomycetales | ||
| Atopobiaceae | ||
| Atopobium | ||
| Catonella | ||
| Coriobacteriales | ||
| Coriobacteriia | ||
| Lachnospiraceae | ||
| Mogibacterium |
Revision editor(s): Kahvecirem, Aiyshaaaa, Claregrieve1
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2023-5-22
Curated date: 2023/03/29
Curator: Kahvecirem
Revision editor(s): Kahvecirem, Aiyshaaaa, Claregrieve1
Source: Figure S6
Description: Differential microbial abundance in oropharyngeal samples between controls and T3 OCD patients
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in OCD T3
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Butyrivibrio | ||
| Corynebacteriaceae | ||
| Corynebacterium | ||
| Johnsonella |
Revision editor(s): Kahvecirem, Aiyshaaaa, Claregrieve1
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