The relationship between cigarette smoking and the tongue microbiome in an East Asian population

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Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI Uniform resource identifier for web resources.
Authors
Sato N, Kakuta M, Uchino E, Hasegawa T, Kojima R, Kobayashi W, Sawada K, Tamura Y, Tokuda I, Imoto S, Nakaji S, Murashita K, Yanagita M, Okuno Y
Journal
Journal of oral microbiology
Year
2020
Background: The oral microbiome, which consists of various habitats, has been shown to be influenced by smoking. However, differences in the tongue microbiomes of current and former smokers, as well as their resultant functional consequences, have rarely been investigated in East Asian populations. Methods: We used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of tongue-coating samples obtained from East Asian subjects who were current, former, or never smokers to identify differences in their tongue microbiomes and related metagenomic functions. Two sets of participants from 2016 to 2017 (n = 657 and n = 187, respectively) were analyzed separately. Results: We found significant differences between the overall microbiome compositions of current versus never smokers (p = 0.0015), but not between former versus never smokers (p = 0.43) based on the weighted UniFrac distance. Twenty-nine of 43 investigated genera showed significantly different expression levels in current versus never smokers. Neisseria and Capnocytophaga were less abundant, and Streptococcus and Megasphaera were more abundant in current smokers. Moreover, the abundances of metagenomic pathways, including those related to nitrate reduction and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, were significantly different between current and never smokers. Conclusions: The tongue microbiomes and related metagenomic pathways of current smokers differ from those of never smokers among East Asians.

Experiment 1


Needs review

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Subjects

Location of subjects
Japan
Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled (if applicable)
Homo sapiens
Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
Tongue Glossus,Tongue
Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
smoking behavior smoking,smoking behavior
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
never smokers
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
current smokers
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
participants who underwent tongue-coating analysis in 2016 and 2017
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
384
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
144

Lab analysis

Sequencing type
16S
16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
V3-V4
Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Statistical test
DESeq2
Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
0.05
MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
Yes


Confounders controlled for Confounding factors that have been accounted for by stratification or model adjustment
age, sex, body mass index, alcohol drinking, number of teeth measurement, dental caries, peridontal microbiome

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
decreased
Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
decreased
Richness Number of species
decreased

Signature 1

Needs review

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Victoria Goulbourne

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Source: Figure 3

Description: The result of comparison of bacterial abundance at the genus level

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in current smokers

NCBI Links
Rothia
Streptococcus
Atopobium
Megasphaera
Corynebacterium
Paludibacter
Anaerovorax
Tannerella
Filifactor
Mycoplasma

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Signature 2

Needs review

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Victoria Goulbourne

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Source: Figure 3

Description: The result of comparison of bacterial abundance at the genus level

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in current smokers

NCBI Links
Peptococcus
Capnocytophaga
Neisseria
Cardiobacterium
Lautropia
Peptostreptococcus
Catonella
Fusobacterium
Alloprevotella
Porphyromonas
Lachnoanaerobaculum
Leptotrichia
Oribacterium
Eubacterium
Campylobacter
Solobacterium
Haemophilus
Stomatobaculum
Gemella

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks