The relationship between cigarette smoking and the tongue microbiome in an East Asian population

Study information

Needs review

study design

cross-sectional observational, not case-control

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

32341759

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1080/20002297.2020.1742527

URI Uniform resource identifier for web resources.

Authors

Sato N, Kakuta M, Uchino E, Hasegawa T, Kojima R, Kobayashi W, Sawada K, Tamura Y, Tokuda I, Imoto S, Nakaji S, Murashita K, Yanagita M, Okuno Y

Journal

Journal of oral microbiology

Year

2020

Background: The oral microbiome, which consists of various habitats, has been shown to be influenced by smoking. However, differences in the tongue microbiomes of current and former smokers, as well as their resultant functional consequences, have rarely been investigated in East Asian populations. Methods: We used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of tongue-coating samples obtained from East Asian subjects who were current, former, or never smokers to identify differences in their tongue microbiomes and related metagenomic functions. Two sets of participants from 2016 to 2017 (n = 657 and n = 187, respectively) were analyzed separately. Results: We found significant differences between the overall microbiome compositions of current versus never smokers (p = 0.0015), but not between former versus never smokers (p = 0.43) based on the weighted UniFrac distance. Twenty-nine of 43 investigated genera showed significantly different expression levels in current versus never smokers. Neisseria and Capnocytophaga were less abundant, and Streptococcus and Megasphaera were more abundant in current smokers. Moreover, the abundances of metagenomic pathways, including those related to nitrate reduction and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, were significantly different between current and never smokers. Conclusions: The tongue microbiomes and related metagenomic pathways of current smokers differ from those of never smokers among East Asians.

Experiment 1

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Curated date: 2021/01/10

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Subjects

Location of subjects: Japan

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled (if applicable): Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Tongue Glossus,Tongue

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: smoking behavior smoking,smoking behavior

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: never smokers
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: current smokers
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: participants who underwent tongue-coating analysis in 2016 and 2017
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 384
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 144

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V3-V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Statistical test: DESeq2

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05
MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: Yes

Confounders controlled for Confounding factors that have been accounted for by stratification or model adjustment: age, sex, body mass index, alcohol drinking, number of teeth measurement, dental caries, peridontal microbiome

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: decreased
Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness: decreased
Richness Number of species: decreased

Signature 1

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Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Victoria Goulbourne

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Source: Figure 3

Description: The result of comparison of bacterial abundance at the genus level

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in current smokers

NCBI	Links
Rothia
Streptococcus
Atopobium
Megasphaera
Corynebacterium
Paludibacter
Anaerovorax ⚠
Tannerella
Filifactor ⚠
Mycoplasma

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Signature 2

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Your review change was submitted

Needs review

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Victoria Goulbourne

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Source: Figure 3

Description: The result of comparison of bacterial abundance at the genus level

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in current smokers

NCBI	Links
Peptococcus
Capnocytophaga
Neisseria
Cardiobacterium
Lautropia
Peptostreptococcus
Catonella
Fusobacterium
Alloprevotella
Porphyromonas
Lachnoanaerobaculum
Leptotrichia
Oribacterium
Eubacterium
Campylobacter
Solobacterium
Haemophilus
Stomatobaculum
Gemella

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks