Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Modulates the Oral Microbiome and Increases Risk of Infection
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Study information
-
Quality control
- Retracted paper
- Contamination issues suspected
- Batch effect issues suspected
- Uncontrolled confounding suspected
- Results are suspect (various reasons)
- Tags applied
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI
Authors
Pushalkar S, Paul B, Li Q, Yang J, Vasconcelos R, Makwana S, González JM, Shah S, Xie C, Janal MN, Queiroz E, Bederoff M, Leinwand J, Solarewicz J, Xu F, Aboseria E, Guo Y, Aguallo D, Gomez C, Kamer A, Shelley D, Aphinyanaphongs Y, Barber C, Gordon T, Corby P, Li X, Saxena D
Journal
iScience
Year
2020
Keywords:
In Vitro Toxicology, Microbiome, Oral Microbiology
The trend of e-cigarette use among teens is ever increasing. Here we show the dysbiotic oral microbial ecology in e-cigarette users influencing the local host immune environment compared with non-smoker controls and cigarette smokers. Using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, we evaluated 119 human participants, 40 in each of the three cohorts, and found significantly altered beta-diversity in e-cigarette users (p = 0.006) when compared with never smokers or tobacco cigarette smokers. The abundance of Porphyromonas and Veillonella (p = 0.008) was higher among vapers. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β were highly elevated in e-cigarette users when compared with non-users. Epithelial cell-exposed e-cigarette aerosols were more susceptible for infection. In vitro infection model of premalignant Leuk-1 and malignant cell lines exposed to e-cigarette aerosol and challenged by Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum resulted in elevated inflammatory response. Our findings for the first time demonstrate that e-cigarette users are more prone to infection.
Experiment 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/11/11
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- United States of America
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
- Homo sapiens
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Saliva Sailva normalis,Saliva atomaris,Saliva molecularis,Salivary gland secretion,Saliva,saliva
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Smoking behavior smoking,Smoking behavior,smoking behavior
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- non-smokers
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- e-cigarette smokers
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- participants who were 21 years or older, healthy, diagnosed with periodontal disease, and current e-cigarette smokers
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 39
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 40
- Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
- 1 month
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- V3-V4
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- relative abundances
- Statistical test
- LEfSe
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- No
- LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool
- 2
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- increased
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/11/11
Source: Figure S2
Description: Differential microbial abundance between e-cig smokers and never smokers
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in e-cigarette smokers
Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1, WikiWorks
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/11/11
Source: Figure S2
Description: Differential microbial abundance between e-cig smokers and never smokers
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in e-cigarette smokers
Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1, WikiWorks
Experiment 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/11/11
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- never smokers
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- cigarette smokers
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- participants who were 21 years or older, healthy, diagnosed with periodontal disease, and current smokers
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/11/13
Source: Figure S2
Description: Differential microbial abundance between cigarette smokers and never smokers
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in cigarette smokers
Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1, WikiWorks
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/11/13
Curated date: 2021/01/10
Curator: Victoria Goulbourne
Revision editor(s): Lwaldron, Claregrieve1, WikiWorks
Source: Figure S2
Description: Differential microbial abundance between cigarette smokers and never smokers
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in cigarette smokers
Revision editor(s): Lwaldron, Claregrieve1, WikiWorks
Experiment 3
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/11/13
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- cigarette smoker
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- E-cigarette smoker
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- participants who were 21 years or older, healthy, diagnosed with periodontal disease, and current e-cigarette users
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 40
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/11/13
Source: Figure S2
Description: Differential microbial abundance between cigarette smokers and e-cigarette smokers
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in E-cigarette smoker
Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1, WikiWorks
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/11/13
Source: Figure S2
Description: Differential microbial abundance between cigarette smokers and e-cigarette smokers
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in E-cigarette smoker
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Actinomyces lingnae | ||
| Alloscardovia omnicolens | ||
| Desulfobotulus sp. | ||
| Megasphaera micronuciformis | ||
| Prevotella sp. | ||
| Streptococcus parasanguinis |
Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1, WikiWorks
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