The oropharyngeal microbiome is altered in individuals with schizophrenia and mania
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Study information
-
Quality control
- Retracted paper
- Contamination issues suspected
- Batch effect issues suspected
- Uncontrolled confounding suspected
- Results are suspect (various reasons)
- Tags applied
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI
Authors
Yolken R, Prandovszky E, Severance EG, Hatfield G, Dickerson F
Journal
Schizophrenia research
Year
2020
Keywords:
Depression, Immunity, Mania, Microbiome, Schizophrenia
It is being increasingly recognized that human mucosal surfaces are not sterile but are colonized with microorganisms collectively known as the microbiome. The microbiome can alter brain functioning in humans and animals by way of a series of interactions operative in the brain-immune-gut interactome. We characterized the oropharyngeal microbiome in 316 individuals, including 121 with schizophrenia, 62 with mania, 48 with major depressive disorder, and 85 controls without a psychiatric disorder. We found that the oropharyngeal microflora of individuals with schizophrenia and individuals with mania differed from controls in composition and abundance as measured by the weighted UniFrac distance (both p < .003 adjusted for covariates and multiple comparisons). This measure in individuals with major depressive disorder did not differ from that of controls. We also identified five bacterial taxa which differed among the diagnostic groups. Three of the taxa, Neisseria subflava, Weeksellaceae, and Prevotella, were decreased in individuals with schizophrenia or mania as compared to controls, while Streptococci was increased in these groups. One taxa, Schlegelella, was only found in individuals with mania. Neisseria subflava was also positively associated with cognitive functioning as measured by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. There were no taxa significantly altered in individuals with major depression. Individuals with schizophrenia and mania have altered compositions of the oropharyngeal microbiome. An understanding of the biology of the microbiome and its effect on the brain might lead to new insights into the pathogenesis, and ultimately, the prevention and treatment of these disorders.
Experiment 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Atrayees on 2023-7-18
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- United States of America
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
- Homo sapiens
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Schizophrenia [X]Schizophrenia, unspecified,[X]Schizophrenia, unspecified (disorder),Dementia Praecox,Disorder, Schizophrenic,Disorders, Schizophrenic,Other specified types of schizophrenia,Other specified types of schizophrenia, chronic state,Other specified types of schizophrenia, chronic state with acute exacerbation,Other specified types of schizophrenia, in remission,Other specified types of schizophrenia, subchronic state,Other specified types of schizophrenia, subchronic state with acute exacerbation,Other specified types of schizophrenia, unspecified state,SCHIZO NEC-CHR/EXACERB,SCHIZO NEC-SUBCHR/EXACER,SCHIZO NOS-CHR/EXACERB,SCHIZO NOS-SUBCHR/EXACER,schizoaffective disorder,schizophrenia,schizophrenia (disease),Schizophrenia (disorder),SCHIZOPHRENIA NEC-CHR,SCHIZOPHRENIA NEC-REMISS,SCHIZOPHRENIA NEC-SUBCHR,SCHIZOPHRENIA NEC-UNSPEC,Schizophrenia NOS,Schizophrenia NOS (disorder),SCHIZOPHRENIA NOS-UNSPEC,schizophrenia with or without an affective disorder,Schizophrenia, NOS,schizophrenia-1,Schizophrenias,SCHIZOPHRENIC DIS,Schizophrenic Disorder,Schizophrenic Disorders,Schizophrenic disorders (disorder),SCZD,Unspecified schizophrenia,Unspecified schizophrenia (disorder),Unspecified schizophrenia, chronic state with acute exacerbation,Unspecified schizophrenia, subchronic state with acute exacerbation,Unspecified schizophrenia, unspecified state,Schizophrenia
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- healthy controls
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- schizophrenia
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- patients met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia, mania participants with symptoms of mania or hypermania could have diagnosis of Bipolar I disorder, single manic episode, most recent episode, mixed Bipolar II episode, most recent episode mixed,or Schizoaffective disorder., bipolar type (manic, hypomanic or mixed state)
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 85
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 121
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- V3-V4
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- relative abundances
- Statistical test
- Wald Test
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- Yes
- Confounders controlled for Confounding factors that have been accounted for by stratification or model adjustment
- age, body mass index, race, sex, smoking behavior
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Atrayees on 2023-7-18
Source: Figure 2, figure 3, figure 4, figure 5, figure 6
Description: Levels of oral microbiome compared to controls adjusted for age, sex, race, cigarette smoking and BMI among individuals with schizophrenia and mania
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in schizophrenia
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Streptococcus |
Revision editor(s): WikiWorks
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Atrayees on 2023-7-18
Source: Figure 2, figure 3, figure 4, figure 5, figure 6
Description: Levels of oral microbiome compared to controls adjusted for age, sex, race, cigarette smoking and BMI among individuals with schizophrenia and mania
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in schizophrenia
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Neisseria subflava | ||
| Prevotella | ||
| Weeksellaceae |
Experiment 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Atrayees on 2023-7-18
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- mania
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 62
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Atrayees on 2023-7-18
Source: Figure 2, figure 3, figure 4, figure 5, figure 6
Description: Levels of oral microbiome compared to controls adjusted for age, sex, race, cigarette smoking and BMI among individuals with schizophrenia and mania
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in mania
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Streptococcus | ||
| Caldimonas |
Revision editor(s): WikiWorks
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Atrayees on 2023-7-18
Source: Figure 2, figure 3, figure 4, figure 5, figure 6
Description: Levels of oral microbiome compared to controls adjusted for age, sex, race, cigarette smoking and BMI among individuals with schizophrenia and mania
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in mania
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Neisseria subflava | ||
| Prevotella | ||
| Weeksellaceae |
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