Understanding the microbial basis of body odor in pre-pubescent children and teenagers

From BugSigDB
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Shaimaa Elsafoury on 2021/02/09
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI
Authors
Lam TH, Verzotto D, Brahma P, Ng AHQ, Hu P, Schnell D, Tiesman J, Kong R, Ton TMU, Li J, Ong M, Lu Y, Swaile D, Liu P, Liu J, Nagarajan N
Journal
Microbiome
Year
2018
BACKGROUND: Even though human sweat is odorless, bacterial growth and decomposition of specific odor precursors in it is believed to give rise to body odor in humans. While mechanisms of odor generation have been widely studied in adults, little is known for teenagers and pre-pubescent children who have distinct sweat composition from immature apocrine and sebaceous glands, but are arguably more susceptible to the social and psychological impact of malodor. RESULTS: We integrated information from whole microbiome analysis of multiple skin sites (underarm, neck, and head) and multiple time points (1 h and 8 h after bath), analyzing 180 samples in total to perform the largest metagenome-wide association study to date on malodor. Significant positive correlations were observed between odor intensity and the relative abundance of Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Cutibacterium avidum, as well as negative correlation with Acinetobacter schindleri and Cutibacterium species. Metabolic pathway analysis highlighted the association of isovaleric and acetic acid production (sour odor) from enriched S. epidermidis (teen underarm) and S. hominis (child neck) enzymes and sulfur production from Staphylococcus species (teen underarm) with odor intensity, in good agreement with observed odor characteristics in pre-pubescent children and teenagers. Experiments with cultures on human and artificial sweat confirmed the ability of S. hominis and S. epidermidis to independently produce malodor with distinct odor characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: These results showcase the power of skin metagenomics to study host-microbial co-metabolic interactions, identifying distinct pathways for odor generation from sweat in pre-pubescent children and teenagers and highlighting key enzymatic targets for intervention.

Experiment 1


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Shaimaa Elsafoury on 2021/02/09

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, Davvve, ChiomaBlessing

Subjects

Location of subjects
Philippines
Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
Homo sapiens
Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
Skin of body Entire integument,Entire skin,Integument,Integumental organ,Pelt,Skin,Skin organ,Skin of body,skin of body
Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
Body odor measurement body odour measurement,Body odor measurement,body odor measurement
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
youth underarm before
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
youth underarm after exercise
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Malodor is a phenotype that is well known to arise from specific interactions between host-derived odor precursors and the microbial metabolism that they support
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
30
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
30

Lab analysis

Sequencing type
WMS
16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
Not specified
Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
relative abundances
Statistical test
Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon)
Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
0.01
MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
Yes


Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Shaimaa Elsafoury on 2021/02/09

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Shaimaa Elsafoury

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Source: Table 1& S3

Description: List of microbes at the genus level that show significant correlation with odor intensity in at least one age group

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in youth underarm after exercise

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Staphylococcus epidermidis

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Signature 2

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Shaimaa Elsafoury on 2021/02/09

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Shaimaa Elsafoury

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Source: Table 1& S3

Description: List of microbes at the genus level that show significant correlation with odor intensity in at least one age group

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in youth underarm after exercise

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Paracoccus

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Experiment 2


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Shaimaa Elsafoury on 2021/02/09

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, ChiomaBlessing

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
after excercise
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
youth Neck before

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Shaimaa Elsafoury on 2021/02/09

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Shaimaa Elsafoury

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Source: Table 1& S3

Description: List of microbes at the genus level that show significant correlation with odor intensity in at least one age group

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in youth Neck before

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Acinetobacter
Cutibacterium granulosum
Acinetobacter schindleri

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Experiment 3


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Shaimaa Elsafoury on 2021/02/09

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, ChiomaBlessing

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Children underarm before
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
15
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
15

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Shaimaa Elsafoury on 2021/02/09

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Shaimaa Elsafoury

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Source: Table 1& S3

Description: List of microbes at the genus level that show significant correlation with odor intensity in at least one age group

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Children underarm before

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Paracoccus

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Experiment 4


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Shaimaa Elsafoury on 2021/02/09

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, ChiomaBlessing

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Children Neck before

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Shaimaa Elsafoury on 2021/02/09

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Shaimaa Elsafoury

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Source: Table 1& S3

Description: List of microbes at the genus level that show significant correlation with odor intensity in at least one age group

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Children Neck before

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Staphylococcus

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Signature 2

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Shaimaa Elsafoury on 2021/02/09

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Shaimaa Elsafoury

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Source: Table 1& S3

Description: List of microbes at the genus level that show significant correlation with odor intensity in at least one age group

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Children Neck before

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Cutibacterium

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Experiment 5


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Shaimaa Elsafoury on 2021/02/09

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, ChiomaBlessing

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
teen underarm before

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Shaimaa Elsafoury on 2021/02/09

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Shaimaa Elsafoury

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Source: Table 1& S3

Description: List of microbes at the genus level that show significant correlation with odor intensity in at least one age group

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in teen underarm before

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Paracoccus

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Experiment 6


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Shaimaa Elsafoury on 2021/02/09

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, ChiomaBlessing

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
teen Neck before

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Shaimaa Elsafoury on 2021/02/09

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Shaimaa Elsafoury

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Source: Table 1& S3

Description: List of microbes at the genus level that show significant correlation with odor intensity in at least one age group

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in teen Neck before

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Acinetobacter

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks