Oral Microbiome in HIV-Infected Women: Shifts in the Abundance of Pathogenic and Beneficial Bacteria Are Associated with Aging, HIV Load, CD4 Count, and Antiretroviral Therapy
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Study information
-
Quality control
- Retracted paper
- Contamination issues suspected
- Batch effect issues suspected
- Uncontrolled confounding suspected
- Results are suspect (various reasons)
- Tags applied
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI
Authors
Lewy T, Hong BY, Weiser B, Burger H, Tremain A, Weinstock G, Anastos K, George MD
Journal
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Year
2019
Keywords:
HIV, aging, disease progression, opportunistic infection, oral microbiome, saliva
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated nonacquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and dementia are more prevalent in older than in young adult HIV-infected subjects. Although the oral microbiome has been studied as a window into pathogenesis in aging populations, its relationship to HIV disease progression, opportunistic infections, and HIV-associated non-AIDS conditions is not well understood. We utilized 16S rDNA-based pyrosequencing to compare the salivary microbiome in three groups: (1) Chronically HIV-infected women >50 years of age (aging); (2) HIV-infected women <35 years of age (young adult); and (3) HIV-uninfected age-matched women. We also examined correlations between salivary dysbiosis, plasma HIV RNA, CD4+ T cell depletion, and opportunistic oral infections. In both aging and young adult women, HIV infection was associated with salivary dysbiosis characterized by increased abundance of Prevotella melaninogenica and Rothia mucilaginosa. Aging was associated with increased bacterial diversity in both uninfected and HIV-infected women. In HIV-infected women with oral coinfections, aging was also associated with reduced abundance of the common commensal Veillonella parvula. Patients taking antiretroviral therapy showed increased numbers of Neisseria and Haemophilus. High plasma HIV RNA levels correlated positively with the presence of Prevotella and Veillonella, and negatively with the abundance of potentially beneficial Streptococcus and Lactobacillus. Circulating CD4+ T cell numbers correlated positively with the abundance of Streptococcus and Lactobacillus. Our findings extend previous studies of the role of the microbiome in HIV pathogenesis, providing new evidence that HIV infection is associated with a shift toward an increased pathogenic footprint of the salivary microbiome. Taken together, the data suggest a complex relationship, worthy of additional study, between chronic dysbiosis in the oral cavity, aging, viral burden, CD4+ T cell depletion, and long-term antiretroviral therapy.
Experiment 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-2-25
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- United States of America
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
- Homo sapiens
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Saliva
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Age-matched HIV-uninfected women
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- HIV-positive women who have been taking ART for more than 1 year
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- HIV-positive women who have been taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) for more than 1 year
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 3
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 3
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- V3-V4
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- relative abundances
- Statistical test
- Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon)
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- No
- Matched on Factors on which subjects have been matched on in a case-control study
- age
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- increased
Signature 1
Needs review
Source: Supplementary Figure S3
Description: Differences in abundance of salivary bacteria between HIV uninfected women and HIV-positive women on ART
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in HIV-positive women who have been taking ART for more than 1 year
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Oribacterium | ||
| Moryella |
Experiment 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-2-25
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Oral candidiasis Candidiasis of mouth,candidiasis of mouth,Candidiasis of mouth (disorder),Candidiasis, Oral,mouth candidiasis,oral candidiasis,Oral moniliasis,oral moniliasis,thrush,thrush (disorder),Thrush, oral,thrush, oral,Oral candidiasis
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- Age-matched HIV-uninfected womenn
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- HIV-positive women with oral candidiasis
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- HIV-positive women with oral candidiasis
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- increased
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-2-24
Source: Supplementary Figure S3
Description: Differences in abundance of salivary bacteria between HIV uninfected women and HIV-positive women coinfected with oral candidiasis
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in HIV-positive women with oral candidiasis
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Veillonella | ||
| Lachnospiraceae |
Experiment 3
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-2-24
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- HIV uninfected women who are less than 35 years of age
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- HIV uninfected women who are 50 years of age or older
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- HIV-negative women who are 50 years of age or older
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 4
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 4
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
- Matched on Factors on which subjects have been matched on in a case-control study
- Not specified
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- increased
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-2-24
Source: Supplementary Figure S3
Description: Differences in abundance of salivary bacteria between young HIV uninfected women and old HIV uninfected women
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in HIV uninfected women who are 50 years of age or older
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Oribacterium | ||
| Moryella |
Experiment 4
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-2-25
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Coinfection Coinfection,coinfection
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- young HIV-infected group without coinfection
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- aging HIV-infected women with coinfections
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- aging HIV-infected women with coinfections; Hairy leukoplakia, oral candida, kaposi's sarcoma, HPV
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
- Statistical test
- LEfSe
- LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool
- 2
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- increased
Signature 1
Needs review
Source: Figure 5
Description: LEfSe was performed to identify statistically different bacterial taxa in their relative abundance between young adult HIV-infected women versus aging HIV-infected women with coinfection.
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in aging HIV-infected women with coinfections
Signature 2
Source: Figure 5
Description: LEfSe was performed to identify statistically different bacterial taxa in their relative abundance between young adult HIV-infected women versus aging HIV-infected women with coinfection.
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in aging HIV-infected women with coinfections
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Solobacterium moorei | ||
| Bulleidia sp. | ||
| Veillonella parvula | ||
| unclassified Mycoplasmatota |
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