Differences in foot skin microbiomes between patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy individuals

Study information

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Atrayees on 2023-6-29

study design

cross-sectional observational, not case-control

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

31834952

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1111/myc.13046

URI

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31834952/

Authors

Han SH, Lee JS, Song KH, Choe YB, Ahn KJ, Lee YW

Journal

Mycoses

Year

2020

Keywords:

Trichophyton rubrum, biodiversity, diabetes mellitus, microbiome

Impaired immunity and changes in the microenvironment in patients with diabetes might influence the composition of the cutaneous microbiome. However, data on the cutaneous microbiome of these patients are scarce. This study compared the fungal and bacterial components of the skin microbiome between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and healthy individuals. We obtained skin swab samples from the plantar forefoot of 17 patients with DM and 18 healthy individuals to conduct a cross-sectional study. The samples were profiled with culture-independent sequencing of the V3 to V4 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and the fungal ITS2 region, followed by direct DNA extraction and molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We observed a differential cutaneous microbiome, especially for fungi, in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to that in healthy controls. Trichophyton rubrum was more abundant in DM samples. The Shannon diversity index for fungi was lower in the DM patients. Principal coordinate analysis plots and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) tests based on Bray-Curtis distances between samples supported the association of the fungal microbiome with DM at the species level. The results suggest that clinicians should pay attention to both fungi and bacteria and provide appropriate prevention and therapeutic strategies for diabetic cutaneous complications including diabetic foot ulcers. These data also contribute to future research associated with diabetes and cutaneous microbiomes.

Experiment 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Atrayees on 2023-6-29

Curated date: 2021/06/05

Curator: Madhubani Dey

Revision editor(s): Madhubani Dey, WikiWorks, Peace Sandy

Subjects

Location of subjects: South Korea

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.: Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Skin of sole of pes , Interdigital space Plantar skin of foot,Skin of plantar part of foot,Skin of sole of foot,Skin of sole of pes,skin of sole of pes,Interdigital space,interdigital space

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Type II diabetes mellitus adult onset diabetes,Adult-Onset Diabetes,adult-onset diabetes,Adult-Onset Diabetes Mellitus,diabetes mellitis type 2,diabetes mellitis type II,DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 02,diabetes mellitus type 2,Diabetes Mellitus, Adult Onset,Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset,Diabetes Mellitus, Ketosis Resistant,Diabetes Mellitus, Ketosis-Resistant,Diabetes Mellitus, Maturity Onset,Diabetes Mellitus, Maturity-Onset,Diabetes Mellitus, Non Insulin Dependent,Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent,Diabetes Mellitus, Noninsulin Dependent,diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent,Diabetes Mellitus, Slow Onset,Diabetes Mellitus, Slow-Onset,Diabetes Mellitus, Stable,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2,diabetes mellitus, type 2,diabetes mellitus, type 2, protection against,Diabetes Mellitus, Type II,Diabetes, Type 2,diabetes, type 2,insulin resistance, susceptibility to,Ketosis-Resistant Diabetes Mellitus,Maturity Onset Diabetes Mellitus,maturity-onset diabetes,Maturity-Onset Diabetes Mellitus,MODY,NIDDM,Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes,non-insulin dependent diabetes,Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus,non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus,non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus,noninsulin dependent diabetes,noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus,Slow-Onset Diabetes Mellitus,Stable Diabetes Mellitus,T2DM - Type 2 Diabetes mellitus,T2DM - type 2 diabetes mellitus,Type 2 Diabetes,type 2 diabetes,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,type 2 diabetes mellitus,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Non-Insulin Dependent,type 2 diabetes mellitus non-insulin dependent,Type II Diabetes,type II diabetes,type II diabetes mellitus,Type II diabetes mellitus

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Healthy controls

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Individuals diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients diagnosed by an endocrinologist at Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 18

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 17

Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any): concomitant systemic (within four weeks of enrolment) or topical (within two weeks of enrolment) treatments

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V3-V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).: relative abundances

Statistical test: Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon)

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05

MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: No

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: decreased

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness: unchanged

Richness Number of species: decreased

Signature 1

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Curated date: 2021/06/07

Curator: Madhubani Dey

Revision editor(s): Madhubani Dey, Atrayees

Source: Table 2

Description: Decrease in the abundance of fungal species in Diabetes Mellitus patients

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Individuals diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Dothideomycetes
Agaricomycetes
Ascomycota
Leotiomycetes
Pleosporales
Capnodiales
Agaricales
Russulales
Pleosporaceae
Cladosporiaceae
Mycosphaerellaceae
Stereaceae
Omphalotaceae
Alternaria
Cladosporium
Ascochyta
Mycosphaerella
Stemphylium
Stereum
Cladosporium flabelliforme
Alternaria alternata
Ascochyta herbicola
Cladosporium herbarum
Candida parapsilosis