Respiratory Disease following Viral Lung Infection Alters the Murine Gut Microbiota

Study information

Needs review

study design

laboratory experiment

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

29483910

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.3389/fimmu.2018.00182

URI

Authors

Groves HT, Cuthbertson L, James P, Moffatt MF, Cox MJ, Tregoning JS

Journal

Frontiers in immunology

Year

2018

Keywords:

Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Mucin 5ac, gut microbiota, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus infections

Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota have profound effects on human health. Consequently, there is great interest in identifying, characterizing, and understanding factors that initiate these changes. Despite their high prevalence, studies have only recently begun to investigate how viral lung infections have an impact on the gut microbiota. There is also considerable interest in whether the gut microbiota could be manipulated during vaccination to improve efficacy. In this highly controlled study, we aimed to establish the effect of viral lung infection on gut microbiota composition and the gut environment using mouse models of common respiratory pathogens respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus. This was then compared to the effect of live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vaccination. Both RSV and influenza virus infection resulted in significantly altered gut microbiota diversity, with an increase in Bacteroidetes and a concomitant decrease in Firmicutes phyla abundance. Although the increase in the Bacteroidetes phylum was consistent across several experiments, differences were observed at the family and operational taxonomic unit level. This suggests a change in gut conditions after viral lung infection that favors Bacteroidetes outgrowth but not individual families. No change in gut microbiota composition was observed after LAIV vaccination, suggesting that the driver of gut microbiota change is specific to live viral infection. Viral lung infections also resulted in an increase in fecal lipocalin-2, suggesting low-grade gut inflammation, and colonic Muc5ac levels. Owing to the important role that mucus plays in the gut environment, this may explain the changes in microbiota composition observed. This study demonstrates that the gut microbiota and the gut environment are altered following viral lung infections and that these changes are not observed during vaccination. Whether increased mucin levels and gut inflammation drive, or are a result of, these changes is still to be determined.

Experiment 1

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Curated date: 2021/06/12

Curator: Claregrieve1

Revision editor(s): LGeistlinger, Claregrieve1, WikiWorks

Subjects

Location of subjects: United Kingdom

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled (if applicable): Mus musculus

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: viral pneumonia Pneumonia, Viral,viral pneumonia,Viruses caused pneumonia,Viruses pneumonia

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Day 0
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Day 7
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Mice assessed 7 days after infection

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Statistical test: ANOVA; DESeq2

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05
MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: Yes

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: unchanged
Inverse Simpson Modification of Simpsons index D as 1/D to obtain high values in datasets of high diversity and vice versa: unchanged

Signature 1

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Curated date: 2021/06/13

Curator: Claregrieve1

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Source: Figure 2a

Description: Differential abundance of gut microbiota of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infected mice between Day 0 and Day 7 of infection

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Day 7

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Bacillota

Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1

Signature 2

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Curated date: 2021/06/13

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Source: Figure 2a

Description: Differential abundance of gut microbiota of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infected mice between Day 0 and Day 7 of infection

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Day 7

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Bacteroidota

Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1

Experiment 2

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Curated date: 2021/06/15

Curator: Claregrieve1

Revision editor(s): LGeistlinger, Claregrieve1, WikiWorks

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Day 7 of infection for mice infected with influenza virus (H1N1)

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: unchanged
Inverse Simpson Modification of Simpsons index D as 1/D to obtain high values in datasets of high diversity and vice versa: unchanged