Diet, physical activity and screen time but not body mass index are associated with the gut microbiome of a diverse cohort of college students living in university housing: a cross-sectional study

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Shaimaa Elsafoury on 2021/02/09
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI
Authors
Whisner CM, Maldonado J, Dente B, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Bruening M
Journal
BMC microbiology
Year
2018
Keywords:
Adolescence, Diet, Lifestyle behaviors, Microbiome, Microbiota, Obesity, Pediatric, Physical activity
BACKGROUND: Modifiable lifestyle factors (e.g. dietary intake and physical activity) are important contributors to weight gain during college. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether associations exist between body mass index, physical activity, screen time, dietary consumption (fat, protein, carbohydrates, and fiber), and gut microbial diversity during the first year of college. Racially/ethnically diverse college students (n = 82; 61.0% non-white) at a large Southwestern university completed self-reported physical activity and 24-h recall dietary assessments, height and weight measurements, and provided one fecal sample for gut microbiome analysis. Fecal microbial community composition was assessed with Illumina MiSeq next-generation sequencing of PCR amplified 16S rRNA genes. Post-hoc analyses compared microbial diversity by groups of high and low physical activity and fiber intake using QIIME and LEfSe bioinformatics software. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were observed between body mass index and gut microbiome abundance and diversity. Median daily consumption of dietary fiber was 11.2 (7.6, 14.9) g/d, while the median self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was 55.7 (27.9, 79.3) min/d and screen time 195.0 (195.0, 315.0) min/d. Microbial analysis by LEfSe identified Paraprevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Lachnospira as important phylotypes in college students reporting greater MVPA, while Enterobacteriaceae and Enterobacteriales were more enriched among students reporting less MVPA (p < 0.05). Barnesiellaceae, Alphaproteobacteria, and Ruminococcus were more abundant taxa among those consuming less than the median fiber intake (p < 0.05). Post-hoc analyses comparing weighted UniFrac distance metrics based on combined categories of high and low MVPA and fiber revealed that clustering distances between members of the high MVPA-low fiber group were significantly smaller when compared to distances between members of all other MVPA-fiber groups (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Habitual fiber consumption and MVPA behaviors help explain the differential abundance of specific microbial taxa and overall gut microbial diversity differences in first-year college students.

Experiment 1


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Shaimaa Elsafoury on 2021/02/09

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, Victoria

Subjects

Location of subjects
United States of America
Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
Homo sapiens
Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
Obesity Adiposis,Adiposity,Obese,Obese (finding),obesity,Obesity (disorder),Obesity [Ambiguous],obesity disease,obesity disorder,Obesity NOS,Obesity, unspecified,Overweight and obesity,Obesity
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
high dietary fiber
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
low
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2 was considered obese
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
68
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
68
Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
2-3 months

Lab analysis

Sequencing type
16S
16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
V4
Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
relative abundances
Statistical test
LEfSe
Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
0.05
MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
No

Alpha Diversity

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
unchanged
Richness Number of species
unchanged

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Shaimaa Elsafoury on 2021/02/09

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Marianthi Thomatos

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Source: Text and figure 4

Description: Relative abundance of fiber intake in a cohort of diverse cohort of first year college students living in university housing

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in low

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Barnesiellaceae
Alphaproteobacteria
Ruminococcus

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Signature 2

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Shaimaa Elsafoury on 2021/02/09

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Marianthi Thomatos

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Source: Text and figure 4

Description: Relative abundance of fiber intake in a cohort of diverse cohort of first year college students living in university housing

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in low

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Mycoplasmatota

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Experiment 2


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Shaimaa Elsafoury on 2021/02/09

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: WikiWorks

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, Victoria

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
hight moderate to vigrous physical activity

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Shaimaa Elsafoury on 2021/02/09

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Shaimaa Elsafoury

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Source: Text and figure 4

Description: Relative abundance of fiber intake in a cohort of diverse cohort of first year college students living in university housing

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in low

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Enterobacteriaceae
Enterobacterales

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks

Signature 2

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Shaimaa Elsafoury on 2021/02/09

Curated date: 2021/01/10

Curator: Shaimaa Elsafoury

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, Lwaldron, Merit, Folakunmi, Iram jamshed

Source: Text and figure 4

Description: Relative abundance of fiber intake in a cohort of diverse cohort of first year college students living in university housing

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in low

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Dorea
Lachnospira
Lachnospiraceae
unclassified Paraprevotella

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, Lwaldron, Merit, Folakunmi, Iram jamshed