Exercise Alters Gut Microbiota Composition and Function in Lean and Obese Humans

Study information

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/12/29

study design

time series / longitudinal observational

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

29166320

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1249/MSS.0000000000001495

URI

Authors

Allen JM, Mailing LJ, Niemiro GM, Moore R, Cook MD, White BA, Holscher HD, Woods JA

Journal

Medicine and science in sports and exercise

Year

2018

PURPOSE: Exercise is associated with altered gut microbial composition, but studies have not investigated whether the gut microbiota and associated metabolites are modulated by exercise training in humans. We explored the impact of 6 wk of endurance exercise on the composition, functional capacity, and metabolic output of the gut microbiota in lean and obese adults with multiple-day dietary controls before outcome variable collection. METHODS: Thirty-two lean (n = 18 [9 female]) and obese (n = 14 [11 female]), previously sedentary subjects participated in 6 wk of supervised, endurance-based exercise training (3 d·wk) that progressed from 30 to 60 min·d and from moderate (60% of HR reserve) to vigorous intensity (75% HR reserve). Subsequently, participants returned to a sedentary lifestyle activity for a 6-wk washout period. Fecal samples were collected before and after 6 wk of exercise, as well as after the sedentary washout period, with 3-d dietary controls in place before each collection. RESULTS: β-diversity analysis revealed that exercise-induced alterations of the gut microbiota were dependent on obesity status. Exercise increased fecal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in lean, but not obese, participants. Exercise-induced shifts in metabolic output of the microbiota paralleled changes in bacterial genes and taxa capable of short-chain fatty acid production. Lastly, exercise-induced changes in the microbiota were largely reversed once exercise training ceased. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that exercise training induces compositional and functional changes in the human gut microbiota that are dependent on obesity status, independent of diet and contingent on the sustainment of exercise.

Experiment 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/12/29

Curated date: 2022/12/29

Curator: Claregrieve1

Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1, WikiWorks

Subjects

Location of subjects: United States of America

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.: Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Exercise Exercise,exercise

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: lean subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: obese subjects

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: sedentary participants between 20 and 45 years of age with BMI > 30 (classified as obese)

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 18

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 14

Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any): 3 months

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Statistical test: PERMANOVA

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05

MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: No

Alpha Diversity

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: unchanged

Signature 1

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Source: Figure 2d

Description: Differential abundance between obese and lean participants after the 6 week exercise program

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in obese subjects

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Bacteroides
Collinsella

Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1

Signature 2

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/12/29

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Source: Figure 2d

Description: Differential abundance between obese and lean participants after the 6 week exercise program

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in obese subjects

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Faecalibacterium
Lachnospira

Revision editor(s): Claregrieve1

Experiment 2

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: sedentary participants between 20 and 45 years of age with BMI >30 (classified as obese)