Intestinal microbiome analysis demonstrates azithromycin post-treatment effects improve when combined with lactulose
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Study information
-
Quality control
- Retracted paper
- Contamination issues suspected
- Batch effect issues suspected
- Uncontrolled confounding suspected
- Results are suspect (various reasons)
- Tags applied
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI Uniform resource identifier for web resources.
Authors
Nikolaou E, Kamilari E, Savkov D, Sergeev A, Zakharova I, Vogazianos P, Tomazou M, Antoniades A, Shammas C
Journal
World journal of pediatrics : WJP
Year
2020
BACKGROUND: Next-generation sequencing has revolutionized our perspective on the gut microbiome composition, revealing the true extent of the adverse effects of antibiotics. The impact of antibiotic treatment on gut microbiota must be considered and researched to provide grounds for establishing new treatment strategies that are less devastating on commensal bacteria. This study investigates the impact on gut microbiome when a commonly used antibiotic, azithromycin is administered, as well as uncovers the benefits induced when it is used in combination with lactulose, a prebiotic known to enhance the proliferation of commensal microbes. METHODS: 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of stool samples obtained from 87 children treated with azithromycin in combination with or without lactulose have been determined. Children's gut microbial profile was established at the pre- and post-treatment stage. RESULTS: Azithromycin caused an increase in the relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens such as Streptococcus that was evident 60 days after treatment. While few days after treatment, children who also received lactulose started to show a higher relative abundance of saccharolytic bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Anaerostipes, Blautia and Roseburia, providing a protective role against opportunistic pathogens. In addition, azithromycin-prebiotic combination was able to provide a phylogenetic profile more similar to the pre-treatment stage. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that during azithromycin treatment, lactulose is able to reinstate the microbiome equilibrium much faster as it promotes saccharolytic microbes and provides a homeostatic effect that minimizes the opportunistic pathogen colonization.
Experiment 1
Needs review
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- Russian Federation
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled (if applicable)
- Homo sapiens
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- antimicrobial agent antibiotic,antibiotics,Antibiotika,Antibiotikum,antibiotique,antimicrobial,antimicrobial agents,microbicide,microbicides,antimicrobial agent
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- azithromycin-lactulose treated (day 0)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- azithromycin-lactulose treated (day 18)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- administered a single daily dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight azithromycin in addition with 20 mg/kg body weight lactulose per day, as powder for oral suspension.
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 42
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 42
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- V3-V4
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Statistical test
- Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon)
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- Matched on Factors on which subjects have been matched on in a case-control study
- age
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- increased
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Source: Table 1
Description: AZ azithromycin. A and L represent higher mean relative abundance for the azithromycin only and azitrhomycin + lactulose groups, respectively Arrows point up or down indicate an increase or increase compared to the relative abundance at day 0, respectively
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in azithromycin-lactulose treated (day 18)
| NCBI | Links |
|---|---|
| Enterobacter ⚠ | |
| Prevotella |
Revision editor(s): Mmarin
Signature 2
Source: Table 1
Description: AZ azithromycin. A and L represent higher mean relative abundance for the azithromycin only and azitrhomycin + lactulose groups, respectively Arrows point up or down indicate an increase or increase compared to the relative abundance at day 0, respectively
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in azithromycin-lactulose treated (day 18)
| NCBI | Links |
|---|---|
| Anaerostipes | |
| Enterococcus | |
| Lactobacillus | |
| Roseburia | |
| Ruminococcus |
Revision editor(s): Mmarin
Experiment 2
Needs review
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- Russian Federation
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled (if applicable)
- Homo sapiens
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- antimicrobial agent antibiotic,antibiotics,Antibiotika,Antibiotikum,antibiotique,antimicrobial,antimicrobial agents,microbicide,microbicides,antimicrobial agent
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- azithromycin treated (day 0)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- azithromycin treated (day 18)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- administered 10 mg/kg body weight per day of azithromycin, as powder for oral suspension.
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 42
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 42
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Statistical test
- Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon)
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- Matched on Factors on which subjects have been matched on in a case-control study
- age
Signature 1
Source: Table 1
Description: Arrows point up or down indicate an increase or increase compared to the relative abundance at day 0, respectively
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in azithromycin treated (day 18)
| NCBI | Links |
|---|---|
| Enterobacter ⚠ |
Revision editor(s): Mmarin
Signature 2
Source: Table 1
Description: Arrows point up or down indicate an increase or increase compared to the relative abundance at day 0, respectively
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in azithromycin treated (day 18)
| NCBI | Links |
|---|---|
| Adlercreutzia | |
| Lachnospira |
Revision editor(s): Mmarin
Experiment 3
Needs review
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- Russian Federation
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled (if applicable)
- Homo sapiens
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- antimicrobial agent antibiotic,antibiotics,Antibiotika,Antibiotikum,antibiotique,antimicrobial,antimicrobial agents,microbicide,microbicides,antimicrobial agent
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- azithromycin treated (day 0)
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- azithromycin treated (day 60)
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- administered 10 mg/kg body weight per day of azithromycin, as powder for oral suspension.
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 42
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 42
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Statistical test
- Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon)
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- Matched on Factors on which subjects have been matched on in a case-control study
- age
Signature 1
Source: Table 1
Description: Arrows point up or down indicate an increase or increase compared to the relative abundance at day 0, respectively
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in azithromycin treated (day 60)
| NCBI | Links |
|---|---|
| Enterobacter ⚠ | |
| Odoribacter | |
| Paraprevotella | |
| Prevotella | |
| Sutterella |
Revision editor(s): Mmarin
Signature 2
Source: Table 1
Description: Arrows point up or down indicate an increase or increase compared to the relative abundance at day 0, respectively
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in azithromycin treated (day 60)
| NCBI | Links |
|---|---|
| Adlercreutzia | |
| Alkaliphilus | |
| Streptococcus | |
| Veillonella |
Revision editor(s): Mmarin
Experiment 4
Needs review
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- Russian Federation
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled (if applicable)
- Homo sapiens
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- antimicrobial agent antibiotic,antibiotics,Antibiotika,Antibiotikum,antibiotique,antimicrobial,antimicrobial agents,microbicide,microbicides,antimicrobial agent
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- azithromycin treated
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- azithromycin-lactulose treated
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- administered a single daily dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight azithromycin in addition with 20 mg/kg body weight lactulose per day, as powder for oral suspension.
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 42
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 42
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Statistical test
- Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon)
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- Matched on Factors on which subjects have been matched on in a case-control study
- age
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- increased
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Source: Table 1
Description: AZ azithromycin. A and L represent higher mean relative abundance for the azithromycin only and azitrhomycin + lactulose groups, respectively Arrows point up or down indicate an increase or increase compared to the relative abundance at day 0, respectively
(day 18)
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in azithromycin-lactulose treated
| NCBI | Links |
|---|---|
| Anaerostipes | |
| Blautia | |
| Butyricimonas | |
| Coprobacillus | |
| Dysgonomonas | |
| Erysipelothrix | |
| Megasphaera |
Revision editor(s): Mmarin
Signature 2
Source: Table 1
Description: AZ azithromycin. A and L represent higher mean relative abundance for the azithromycin only and azitrhomycin + lactulose groups, respectively Arrows point up or down indicate an increase or increase compared to the relative abundance at day 0, respectively
(day 60)
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in azithromycin-lactulose treated
| NCBI | Links |
|---|---|
| Megasphaera | |
| Sporosarcina |
Revision editor(s): Mmarin
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