The Association Between Smoking and Gut Microbiome in Bangladesh

Study information

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-2

study design

cross-sectional observational, not case-control

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

31794002

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1093/ntr/ntz220

URI

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7364824/pdf/ntz220.pdf

Authors

Nolan-Kenney R, Wu F, Hu J, Yang L, Kelly D, Li H, Jasmine F, Kibriya MG, Parvez F, Shaheen I, Sarwar G, Ahmed A, Eunus M, Islam T, Pei Z, Ahsan H, Chen Y

Journal

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco

Year

2020

INTRODUCTION: Epidemiological studies that investigate alterations in the gut microbial composition associated with smoking are lacking. This study examined the composition of the gut microbiome in smokers compared with nonsmokers. AIMS AND METHODS: Stool samples were collected in a cross-sectional study of 249 participants selected from the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study in Bangladesh. Microbial DNA was extracted from the fecal samples and sequenced by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The associations of smoking status and intensity of smoking with the relative abundance or the absence and presence of individual bacterial taxon from phylum to genus levels were examined. RESULTS: The relative abundance of bacterial taxa along the Erysipelotrichi-to-Catenibacterium lineage was significantly higher in current smokers compared to never-smokers. The odds ratio comparing the mean relative abundance in current smokers with that in never-smokers was 1.91 (95% confidence interval = 1.36-2.69) for the genus Catenibacterium and 1.89 (95% confidence interval = 1.39-2.56) for the family Erysipelotrichaceae, the order Erysipelotrichale, and the class Erysipelotrichi (false discovery rate-adjusted p values = .0008-.01). A dose-response association was observed for each of these bacterial taxa. The presence of Alphaproteobacteria was significantly greater comparing current with never-smokers (odds ratio = 4.85, false discovery rate-adjusted p values = .04). CONCLUSIONS: Our data in a Bangladeshi population are consistent with evidence of an association between smoking status and dosage with change in the gut bacterial composition. IMPLICATIONS: This study for the first time examined the relationship between smoking and the gut microbiome composition. The data suggest that smoking status may play an important role in the composition of the gut microbiome, especially among individuals with higher levels of tobacco exposure.

Experiment 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-1

Curated date: 2022/01/04

Curator: Joyessa

Revision editor(s): Joyessa, ChiomaBlessing

Subjects

Location of subjects: Bangladesh

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.: Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Nicotine dependence , Smoking behavior cigarette habituation, susceptibility to,Cigarette Smoking,Dependence, Nicotine,Dependence, Tobacco,Disorder, Nicotine Use,Disorder, Tobacco Use,Disorder, Tobacco-Use,Nicotine Addiction,nicotine addiction,nicotine addiction, susceptibility to,nicotine dependence,nicotine dependence, susceptibility to,NICOTINE USE DIS,Nicotine Use Disorder,Nicotine Use Disorders,smoking,smoking habit, susceptibility to,Smoking, Cigarette,Smoking, Tobacco,Smokings, Tobacco,susceptibility to tobacco addiction,tobacco addiction, susceptibility to,Tobacco Dependence,Tobacco Dependences,Tobacco Smoking,Tobacco Smokings,TOBACCO USE DIS,Tobacco Use Disorder,tobacco use disorder,Tobacco Use Disorders,Tobacco-Use Disorder,Use Disorder, Nicotine,Nicotine dependence,Smoking behavior,smoking behavior

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Never smokers

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Current Smokers

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Current smokers of cigarettes and bidis were categorized as current smokers

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 151

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 62

Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any): 1 month.

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V3-V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).: relative abundances

Statistical test: Beta Binomial Regression; Logistic Regression

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05

MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: Yes

Confounders controlled for Confounding factors that have been accounted for by stratification or model adjustment: age, body mass index, education level, sex, Confounders controlled for: "betel quid use" is not in the list (abnormal glucose tolerance, acetaldehyde, acute graft vs. host disease, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, adenoma, age, AIDS, alcohol consumption measurement, alcohol drinking, ...) of allowed values.betel quid use

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: unchanged

Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: unchanged

Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness: unchanged

Richness Number of species: unchanged

Signature 1

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Curated date: 2022/01/04

Curator: Joyessa

Revision editor(s): Joyessa, Aiyshaaaa, Peace Sandy, ChiomaBlessing

Source: Table 3

Description: Relative Abundances or Presence/ Absence of significant taxa in current smokers compared to never-smokers.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Current Smokers

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Catenibacterium
Erysipelotrichaceae
Erysipelotrichales
Erysipelotrichia

Revision editor(s): Joyessa, Aiyshaaaa, Peace Sandy, ChiomaBlessing

Experiment 2

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Curated date: 2024/02/02

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Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Current smokers of cigarettes and bidis were categorized as current smokers, further assessed their association with packs of cigarettes smoked