Smoking May Lead to Marginal Bone Loss Around Non-Submerged Implants During Bone Healing by Altering Salivary Microbiome: A Prospective Study

Study information

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Fatima on 2023-5-3

study design

prospective cohort

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

28844190

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1902/jop.2017.160808

URI

Authors

Duan X, Wu T, Xu X, Chen D, Mo A, Lei Y, Cheng L, Man Y, Zhou X, Wang Y, Yuan Q

Journal

Journal of periodontology

Year

2017

Keywords:

Alveolar bone loss, dental implants, microbiota, smoking

BACKGROUND: This prospective and controlled study elucidates the impact of smoking on the salivary microbiome and its further influence on marginal bone loss (MBL) around an implant during a 3-month bone-healing period. METHODS: Saliva samples were collected preoperatively from 20 periodontally healthy patients with single-tooth replacement in the posterior mandible (smokers [n = 10] and non-smokers [n = 10]). Sequencing of 16S recombinant RNA gene amplicons was used to characterize the salivary microbiome. Each patient received implant surgery after oral clinical assessment, and MBL around the implant was measured during a 3-month healing period. RESULTS: In total, 871,389 sequences were compared against the Human Oral Microbiome Database for bacterial identification. Microbial signatures of smokers exhibited lower diversity and richness, with a significant decrease in uncultured species. The phyla Gracilibacteria and Saccharibacteria showed a significant decrease in smokers. The genera Streptococcus, Lachnoanaerobaculum, Stomatobaculum, and Eubacterium were significantly increased in smokers, whereas Selenomonas, Selenomonas [G-3], and Catonella were significantly decreased. Specifically, Porphyromonas gingivalis was significantly more abundant in smokers, which was positively related to the severity of MBL during bone healing. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking shapes the salivary microbiome in states of clinical health, and further may influence MBL during bone healing by creating high at-risk-for-harm communities. Understanding of the distinctly divergent oral microbiome in smokers and non-smokers is a base for personalized therapeutics for this high-risk cohort and also a base for further study on the pathologic mechanisms.

Experiment 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Fatima on 2023-5-3

Curated date: 2023/04/13

Curator: Chioma

Revision editor(s): Chioma, Fatima

Subjects

Location of subjects: China

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled (if applicable): Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Saliva Sailva normalis,Saliva atomaris,Saliva molecularis,Salivary gland secretion,Saliva

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: smoking behavior smoking,smoking behavior

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: non-smokers
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: smokers
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: patients who have smoked >10 cigarettes a day for at least 5 years.
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 10
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 10
Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any): 3 months

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).

relative abundances

Statistical test

Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon)

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: unchanged
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness: unchanged
Richness Number of species: unchanged

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Fatima on 2023-5-3

Curated date: 2023/04/13

Curator: Chioma

Revision editor(s): Chioma, Fatima

Source: Figure 4, Table 2

Description: Significant differences between groups using Mann-Whitney test

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in smokers

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Megasphaera micronuciformis
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Streptococcus parasanguinis
Streptococcus salivarius
[Eubacterium] infirmum
uncultured Lachnoanaerobaculum sp.
uncultured Stomatobaculum sp.