Smoking May Lead to Marginal Bone Loss Around Non-Submerged Implants During Bone Healing by Altering Salivary Microbiome: A Prospective Study

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Fatima on 2023-5-3
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
URI
Authors
Duan X, Wu T, Xu X, Chen D, Mo A, Lei Y, Cheng L, Man Y, Zhou X, Wang Y, Yuan Q
Journal
Journal of periodontology
Year
2017
Keywords:
Alveolar bone loss, dental implants, microbiota, smoking
BACKGROUND: This prospective and controlled study elucidates the impact of smoking on the salivary microbiome and its further influence on marginal bone loss (MBL) around an implant during a 3-month bone-healing period. METHODS: Saliva samples were collected preoperatively from 20 periodontally healthy patients with single-tooth replacement in the posterior mandible (smokers [n = 10] and non-smokers [n = 10]). Sequencing of 16S recombinant RNA gene amplicons was used to characterize the salivary microbiome. Each patient received implant surgery after oral clinical assessment, and MBL around the implant was measured during a 3-month healing period. RESULTS: In total, 871,389 sequences were compared against the Human Oral Microbiome Database for bacterial identification. Microbial signatures of smokers exhibited lower diversity and richness, with a significant decrease in uncultured species. The phyla Gracilibacteria and Saccharibacteria showed a significant decrease in smokers. The genera Streptococcus, Lachnoanaerobaculum, Stomatobaculum, and Eubacterium were significantly increased in smokers, whereas Selenomonas, Selenomonas [G-3], and Catonella were significantly decreased. Specifically, Porphyromonas gingivalis was significantly more abundant in smokers, which was positively related to the severity of MBL during bone healing. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking shapes the salivary microbiome in states of clinical health, and further may influence MBL during bone healing by creating high at-risk-for-harm communities. Understanding of the distinctly divergent oral microbiome in smokers and non-smokers is a base for personalized therapeutics for this high-risk cohort and also a base for further study on the pathologic mechanisms.

Experiment 1


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Fatima on 2023-5-3

Curated date: 2023/04/13

Curator: Chioma

Revision editor(s): Chioma, Fatima

Subjects

Location of subjects
China
Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
Homo sapiens
Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
Saliva Sailva normalis,Saliva atomaris,Saliva molecularis,Salivary gland secretion,Saliva,saliva
Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
Smoking behavior smoking,Smoking behavior,smoking behavior
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
non-smokers
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
smokers
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
patients who have smoked >10 cigarettes a day for at least 5 years.
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
10
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
10
Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
3 months

Lab analysis

Sequencing type
16S
16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
V4
Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
relative abundances
Statistical test
Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon)
Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
0.05

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
unchanged
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
unchanged
Richness Number of species
unchanged

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Fatima on 2023-5-3

Curated date: 2023/04/13

Curator: Chioma

Revision editor(s): Chioma, Fatima

Source: Figure 4, Table 2

Description: Significant differences between groups using Mann-Whitney test

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in smokers

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Megasphaera micronuciformis
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Streptococcus parasanguinis
Streptococcus salivarius
[Eubacterium] infirmum
uncultured Lachnoanaerobaculum sp.
uncultured Stomatobaculum sp.

Revision editor(s): Chioma, Fatima

Signature 2

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Fatima on 2023-5-3

Curated date: 2023/04/13

Curator: Chioma

Revision editor(s): Chioma, Fatima

Source: Figure 4, Table 2

Description: Significant differences between groups using Mann-Whitney test

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in smokers

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Catonella morbi
Oribacterium asaccharolyticum
Solobacterium moorei
unclassified Selenomonas
uncultured Selenomonas sp.

Revision editor(s): Chioma, Fatima