The Gut Microbiome and Cancer Immunotherapy: Can We Use the Gut Microbiome as a Predictive Biomarker for Clinical Response in Cancer Immunotherapy?

Study information

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incomplete

study design

meta-analysis

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

34638308

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.3390/cancers13194824

URI Uniform resource identifier for web resources.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8508052/

Authors

Oh B, Boyle F, Pavlakis N, Clarke S, Eade T, Hruby G, Lamoury G, Carroll S, Morgia M, Kneebone A, Stevens M, Liu W, Corless B, Molloy M, Kong B, Libermann T, Rosenthal D, Back M

Journal

Cancers

Year

2021

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota influences the clinical response to immunotherapy. This review of clinical studies examines the relationship between gut microbiota and immunotherapy outcomes. Method: A literature search was conducted in electronic databases Medline, PubMed and ScienceDirect, with searches for "cancer" and "immunotherapy/immune checkpoint inhibitor" and "microbiome/microbiota" and/or "fecal microbiome transplant FMT". The relevant literature was selected for this article. Results: Ten studies examined patients diagnosed with advanced metastatic melanoma (n = 6), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n = 2), non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) (n = 1) and one study examined combination both NSCLC and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (n = 1). These studies consistently reported that the gut microbiome profile prior to administering immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) was related to clinical response as measured by progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Two studies reported that a low abundance of Bacteroidetes was associated with colitis. Two studies showed that patients with anti-PD-1 refractory metastatic melanoma experienced improved response rates and no added toxicity when receiving fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) from patients with anti-PD-1 responsive disease. Conclusions: Overall, significant differences in the diversity and composition of the gut microbiome were identified in ICIs responders and non-responders. Our findings provide new insights into the value of assessing the gut microbiome in immunotherapy. Further robust randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the modulatory effects of the gut microbiome and FMT on ICIs in patients not responding to immunotherapy are warranted.

Experiment 1

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incomplete

Curated date: 2022/07/13

Curator: Sharmilac

Revision editor(s): Sharmilac, LGeistlinger, WikiWorks

Subjects

Location of subjects: China; France; United States of America

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled (if applicable): Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: colitis , melanoma , non-small cell lung carcinoma , hepatocellular carcinoma , GI ToxicityColitides,colitis,colitis (disease),colon inflammation,inflammation of colon,malignant melanoma,melanoma,melanoma (disease),melanoma, malignant,Naevocarcinoma,non-small cell cancer of lung,non-small cell cancer of the lung,non-small cell carcinoma of lung,non-small cell carcinoma of the lung,non-small cell lung cancer,non-small cell lung carcinoma,non-small cell lung carcinoma (disease),NSCLC,NSCLC - non-small cell lung cancer,adult hepatoma,adult primary hepatocellular carcinoma,cancer, hepatocellular,carcinoma of liver,carcinoma of liver cells,carcinoma of the liver cells,carcinoma, hepatocellular, malignant,HCC,hepatoblastoma,hepatoblastoma caused by somatic mutation,hepatocellular adenocarcinoma,hepatocellular cancer,hepatocellular carcinoma,hepatoma,liver and intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma,liver cancer,liver carcinoma,liver cell cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma),liver cell carcinoma,primary carcinoma of liver cells,primary carcinoma of the liver cells,GI Toxicity

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Non-responders
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Responders
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Those cancer patients who responded to ICI

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V1-V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Sequencing platform: "shotgun metagenomics sequencing" is not in the list (DNA-DNA Hybridization, Human Intestinal Tract Chip, Illumina, Ion Torrent, Non-quantitative PCR, PacBio RS, PhyloChip, Roche454, RT-qPCR, Mass spectrometry, ...) of allowed values.shotgun metagenomics sequencing

Statistical Analysis

Statistical test: Hazard ratio Statistical test: "Hazard ratio" is not in the list (ANCOM, ANOSIM, ANOVA, DESeq2, edgeR, Fisher's Exact Test, Kruskall-Wallis, LEfSe, Linear Regression, Logistic Regression, ...) of allowed values.