The oral microbiota in colorectal cancer is distinctive and predictive

Study information

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-1-23

study design

case-control

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

28988196

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314814

URI

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28988196/

Authors

Flemer B, Warren RD, Barrett MP, Cisek K, Das A, Jeffery IB, Hurley E, O'Riordain M, Shanahan F, O'Toole PW

Journal

Gut

Year

2018

Keywords:

colonic bacteria, colorectal cancer, colorectal cancer screening, diet, tumour markers

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Microbiota alterations are linked with colorectal cancer (CRC) and notably higher abundance of putative oral bacteria on colonic tumours. However, it is not known if colonic mucosa-associated taxa are indeed orally derived, if such cases are a distinct subset of patients or if the oral microbiome is generally suitable for screening for CRC. METHODS: We profiled the microbiota in oral swabs, colonic mucosae and stool from individuals with CRC (99 subjects), colorectal polyps (32) or controls (103). RESULTS: Several oral taxa were differentially abundant in CRC compared with controls, for example, Streptococcus and Prevotellas pp. A classification model of oral swab microbiota distinguished individuals with CRC or polyps from controls (sensitivity: 53% (CRC)/67% (polyps); specificity: 96%). Combining the data from faecal microbiota and oral swab microbiota increased the sensitivity of this model to 76% (CRC)/88% (polyps). We detected similar bacterial networks in colonic microbiota and oral microbiota datasets comprising putative oral biofilm forming bacteria. While these taxa were more abundant in CRC, core networks between pathogenic, CRC-associated oral bacteria such as Peptostreptococcus, Parvimonas and Fusobacterium were also detected in healthy controls. High abundance of Lachnospiraceae was negatively associated with the colonisation of colonic tissue with oral-like bacterial networks suggesting a protective role for certain microbiota types against CRC, possibly by conferring colonisation resistance to CRC-associated oral taxa and possibly mediated through habitual diet. CONCLUSION: The heterogeneity of CRC may relate to microbiota types that either predispose or provide resistance to the disease, and profiling the oral microbiome may offer an alternative screen for detecting CRC.

Experiment 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-1-23

Curated date: 2022/07/05

Curator: Jeshudy

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, Jeshudy, Atrayees, Folakunmi, Victoria

Subjects

Location of subjects: Ireland

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.: Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Oral cavity Bucca,Buccal cavity,Cavity of mouth,Oral cavity,oral cavity

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Colorectal cancer cancer of colorectum,cancer of large bowel,cancer of large intestine,cancer of the large bowel,colon cancer,colorectal cancer,colorectum cancer,CRC,large intestine cancer,malignant colorectal neoplasm,malignant colorectal tumor,malignant colorectum neoplasm,malignant large bowel neoplasm,malignant large bowel tumor,malignant large intestine neoplasm,malignant large intestine tumor,malignant neoplasm of colorectum,malignant neoplasm of large bowel,malignant neoplasm of large intestine,malignant neoplasm of the large bowel,malignant neoplasm of the large intestine,malignant tumor of large bowel,malignant tumor of large intestine,malignant tumor of the large bowel,malignant tumor of the large intestine,Colorectal cancer

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Healthy Controls

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Individuals with CRC

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Individuals diagnosed with CRC

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 103

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 99

Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any): 1 month

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V3-V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).: centered log-ratio

Statistical test: ANCOM

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05

MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: Yes

Signature 1

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Curated date: 2022/07/05

Curator: Jeshudy

Revision editor(s): Jeshudy, Atrayees

Source: Figure 5(B)

Description: Scatterplot of the colonic prevalence of bacterial OTUs associated with oral pathogen and biofilm CAGs.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Individuals with CRC

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Dialister
Fusobacterium
Gemella
Parvimonas
Peptostreptococcus
Solobacterium
Streptococcus

Revision editor(s): Jeshudy, Atrayees

Signature 2

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Source: Figure 5(B)

Description: Scatterplot of the colonic prevalence of bacterial OTUs associated with oral pathogen and biofilm CAGs.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Individuals with CRC

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Actinomyces
Haemophilus
Veillonella

Revision editor(s): Jeshudy, Atrayees, Folakunmi

Experiment 2

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Curated date: 2024/01/22

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Revision editor(s): Folakunmi, Victoria

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

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Source: supplementary table 2

Description: Differentially abundant taxa in the oral microbiome between colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls by ANCOM

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Individuals with CRC

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Haemophilus
Parvimonas
Prevotella
Alloprevotella
Lachnoanaerobaculum
Neisseria
Streptococcus

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Experiment 3

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Curated date: 2024/01/22

Curator: Folakunmi

Revision editor(s): Folakunmi, Victoria

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Individuals with polyps

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Individuals diagnosed with polyps