Gut Microbiota Differences in Children From Distinct Socioeconomic Levels Living in the Same Urban Area in Brazil

Study information

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/12/31

study design

cross-sectional observational, not case-control

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

26982745

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1097/MPG.0000000000001186

URI

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26982745/

Authors

Mello CS, Carmo-Rodrigues MS, Filho HB, Melli LC, Tahan S, Pignatari AC, de Morais MB

Journal

Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition

Year

2016

OBJECTIVE: To compare gut microbiota in impoverished children versus children of high socioeconomic status living in the same urban area in Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate 100 children living in a slum and 30 children from a private school, ages between 5 and 11 years old, in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. To characterize the groups, data based on socioeconomic status, sanitation, and housing conditions were collected. Anthropometric measurements and neonatal data were obtained from both groups. Gut microbiota were quantified in fecal samples by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The children in the private school group had higher rates of cesarean delivery and premature birth than the children in the slum group. Staphylococcus aureus (90% vs 48.0%) and Clostridium difficile (100% vs 43.0%) were more commonly found in the children from the private school than in the impoverished children (P < 0.0001). C perfringens was most frequently identified in the group of children from the slum (92.0% vs 80%; P = 0.064). Higher counts of total eubacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla organisms, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus spp., and Methanobrevibacter smithii were found in the children living in poverty, whereas higher counts of Salmonella spp., C difficile, and C perfringens were observed in the children living in satisfactory housing conditions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Important differences were observed between the gut microbiota of children living under distinct socioeconomic and environmental conditions within the same city. Our findings suggest that children of high socioeconomic status have less favorable gut microbiota than do children who live in poverty.

Experiment 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/12/31

Curated date: 2022/07/11

Curator: Kaluifeanyi101

Revision editor(s): Kaluifeanyi101, Claregrieve1, Victoria

Subjects

Location of subjects: Brazil

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.: Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Socioeconomic status class,Socioeconomic status,socioeconomic status,socioeconomic factors

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Private school children (High SES)

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Children living in slum (Low SES)

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Children between 5 and 11 years old living in slums in Sao Paulo State, Brazil.

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 30

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 100

Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any): 1 month

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: Not specified

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: RT-qPCR

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).: relative abundances

Statistical test: Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon)

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05

MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: No

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/12/31

Curated date: 2022/07/11

Curator: Kaluifeanyi101

Revision editor(s): Kaluifeanyi101, Claregrieve1

Source: Table 3

Description: Differential microbial abundance between the slum children and children from the private school

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Children living in slum (Low SES)

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Escherichia coli
Eubacterium
Bacillota
Lactobacillus sp.
Methanobrevibacter smithii
unclassified Bacteroidota

Revision editor(s): Kaluifeanyi101, Claregrieve1

Signature 2

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2022/12/31

Curated date: 2022/07/11

Curator: Kaluifeanyi101

Revision editor(s): Kaluifeanyi101, Claregrieve1

Source: Table 3

Description: Differential microbial abundance between the slum children and children from the private school

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Children living in slum (Low SES)

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Clostridioides difficile
Clostridium perfringens
Salmonella sp.

Revision editor(s): Kaluifeanyi101, Claregrieve1