Gut microbiota: impacts on gastrointestinal cancer immunotherapy

Study information

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-14

study design

case-control

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

33435800

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1080/19490976.2020.1869504

URI

Authors

Harry Cheuk Hay Lau, Joseph Jao-Yiu Sung

Journal

Gut microbes

Year

2021

Pages:

21

First page:

Keywords:

CpG- oligodeoxynucleotide therapy, Gut microbiota, adoptive cell transfer, blockade-induced adverse events, gastrointestinal cancer, immune checkpoint blockade, probiotics

The human gastrointestinal tract harbor thousands of microbial species. For example, intestines consist of a dense community with around 1013 microbes mainly from phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes;1 while microbial abundance in the stomach is the least along the tract due to its extreme acidity with predominant expression of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria.2 These microorganisms form a microbiota (referring to an ecological community of microbes that is found within a specific environment), which interacts with a variety of host cells to contribute physiological functions including nutrient metabolism and gut barrier regulation.3,4 In particular, the gut microbiota substantially contributes to immune homeostasis as exemplified by using germ-free animals (referring to animals raised in the strict sterile conditions that have no microbes living in/on them), which displayed impaired development of regulatory T cells (TReg) and poor growth of gut-associated lymphoid tissues.3–5 Whereas the host immunity can, in turn, manipulate the microbial profile: secretary immunoglobulin-A (IgA) from gut plasma cells has reactivity to a broad spectrum of microbes, and these IgA could enhance translocation of selected commensals into lymphoid tissues to facilitate antigen presentation and regulate microbial diversity.

Experiment 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-14

Curated date: 2023/03/20

Curator: Ellajessica

Revision editor(s): Ellajessica

Subjects

Location of subjects: United States of America

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.: Mus musculus

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Wall of small intestine Anatomical wall of small bowel,Anatomical wall of small intestine,Small bowel anatomical wall,Small bowel wall,Small intestinal wall,Small intestine anatomical wall,Small intestine wall,Wall of small bowel,Wall of small intestine,wall of small intestine

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: Gastric cancer Ca body - stomach,ca greater curvature of stomach,Ca lesser curvature - stomach,cancer of stomach,gastric cancer,gastric cancer, intestinal,gastric neoplasm,malignant gastric neoplasm,malignant gastric tumor,malignant neoplasm of body of stomach,malignant neoplasm of lesser curve of stomach,malignant neoplasm of stomach,malignant neoplasm of the stomach,malignant stomach neoplasm,malignant tumor of body of stomach,malignant tumor of greater curve of stomach,malignant tumor of lesser curve of stomach,malignant tumor of stomach,malignant tumor of the stomach,stomach cancer,Gastric cancer

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Mice quarantined to a different breeding environment

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Mice kept in original breeding environment

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Mature mice from a distinct strain

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 6

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 6

Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any): 4 weeks

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: Not specified

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: RT-qPCR

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).: raw counts

Statistical test: Kruskall-Wallis

LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool: 3

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by ChiomaBlessing on 2024-2-14

Curated date: 2023/03/20

Curator: Ellajessica

Revision editor(s): Ellajessica

Source: Figure 3

Description: All animals were housed in environment A until 8 weeks of age. Samples obtained during this period are designated by blue symbols. Red symbols represent fecal samples obtained from animals that remained in the original environment (A) (sampled in the animals over 8 weeks of age); open symbols represent animals relocated to environment B. Numbers indentify individual animals; numbers in parenthesis give the age of animal in weeks.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Mice kept in original breeding environment

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Bacteroidaceae

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Curated date: 2023/03/23

Curator: Ellajessica

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Source: Figure 4

Description: Samples obtained from mice relocated at 4 weeks of age are represented by open symbols; red symbols represent animals relocated to environment B at over 8 weeks of age. Numbers identify individual animals; numbers in parenthesis give the age of animal in weeks and (b) UPLC-MS PCA results from the analysis of urine samples from these animals showing the effect of relocation on metabolite profiles.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Mice kept in original breeding environment

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Firmicutes bacterium AM10-47

Revision editor(s): Ellajessica