Association Between Oral Microbiota and Cigarette Smoking in the Chinese Population

Study information

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2023-5-31

study design

cross-sectional observational, not case-control

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

34123872

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.658203

URI

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34123872/

Authors

Jia YJ, Liao Y, He YQ, Zheng MQ, Tong XT, Xue WQ, Zhang JB, Yuan LL, Zhang WL, Jia WH

Journal

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

Year

2021

Keywords:

16S rRNA gene sequencing, China, cigarette smoking, oral microbiota, saliva

The oral microbiota has been observed to be influenced by cigarette smoking and linked to several human diseases. However, research on the effect of cigarette smoking on the oral microbiota has not been systematically conducted in the Chinese population. We profiled the oral microbiota of 316 healthy subjects in the Chinese population by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The alpha diversity of oral microbiota was different between never smokers and smokers (P = 0.002). Several bacterial taxa were first reported to be associated with cigarette smoking by LEfSe analysis, including Moryella (q = 1.56E-04), Bulleidia (q = 1.65E-06), and Moraxella (q = 3.52E-02) at the genus level and Rothia dentocariosa (q = 1.55E-02), Prevotella melaninogenica (q = 8.48E-08), Prevotella pallens (q = 4.13E-03), Bulleidia moorei (q = 1.79E-06), Rothia aeria (q = 3.83E-06), Actinobacillus parahaemolyticus (q = 2.28E-04), and Haemophilus parainfluenzae (q = 4.82E-02) at the species level. Two nitrite-producing bacteria that can increase the acidity of the oral cavity, Actinomyces and Veillonella, were also enriched in smokers with FDR-adjusted q-values of 3.62E-06 and 1.10E-06, respectively. Notably, we observed that two acid production-related pathways, amino acid-related enzymes (q = 6.19E-05) and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism (q = 2.63E-06), were increased in smokers by PICRUSt analysis. Finally, the co-occurrence analysis demonstrated that smoker-enriched bacteria were significantly positively associated with each other and were negatively correlated with the bacteria decreased in smokers. Our results suggested that cigarette smoking may affect oral health by creating a different environment by altering bacterial abundance, connections among oral microbiota, and the microbiota and their metabolic function.

Experiment 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2023-5-31

Curated date: 2023/04/15

Curator: Atrayees

Revision editor(s): Atrayees, Claregrieve1

Subjects

Location of subjects: China

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.: Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Saliva Sailva normalis,Saliva atomaris,Saliva molecularis,Salivary gland secretion,Saliva

Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology: smoking behavior smoking,smoking behavior

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Never smokers

Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Smokers

Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: Subjects who smoked at least one cigarette every one to three days in the past year, or who smoked at least one cigarette every one to three days but had quit smoking for at least a year (ever smokers + current smokers groups combined)

Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 150

Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 166

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).: relative abundances

Statistical test: LEfSe

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): 0.05

MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: Yes

LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool: 2.0

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: increased

Signature 1

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2023-5-31

Curated date: 2023/04/15

Curator: Atrayees

Revision editor(s): Atrayees, Claregrieve1

Source: Table 1, text

Description: Differentially abundant genera and species between smokers and non-smokers

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Smokers

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Actinomyces
Atopobium
Bulleidia
Campylobacter
Megasphaera
Moryella
Oribacterium
Prevotella
Prevotella melaninogenica
Prevotella pallens
Rothia dentocariosa
Solobacterium moorei
Veillonella
Veillonella dispar

Revision editor(s): Atrayees, Claregrieve1

Signature 2

Edit History Delete

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Your review change was submitted

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Claregrieve1 on 2023-5-31

Curated date: 2023/04/15

Curator: Atrayees

Revision editor(s): Atrayees, Claregrieve1

Source: Table 1, text

Description: Differentially abundant genera and species between smokers and non-smokers

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Smokers

NCBI	Quality Control	Links
Aggregatibacter
Cardiobacterium
Eikenella
Haemophilus
Haemophilus parainfluenzae
Kingella
Lautropia
Moraxella
Neisseria
Neisseria oralis
Neisseria subflava
Peptococcus
Rothia aeria
Haemophilus parahaemolyticus

Revision editor(s): Atrayees, Claregrieve1