Subgingival microbiome of rheumatoid arthritis patients in relation to their disease status and periodontal health

Study information

Needs review

study design

case-control

Citation

PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.

30231060

DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.

10.1371/journal.pone.0202278

URI Uniform resource identifier for web resources.

Authors

Beyer K, Zaura E, Brandt BW, Buijs MJ, Brun JG, Crielaard W, Bolstad AI

Journal

PloS one

Year

2018

OBJECTIVE: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases that share common risk factors. However, the bidirectional relationship between RA and periodontal disease is not fully understood. This study was undertaken to describe the bacterial component of the subgingival microbiome in RA patients and to relate this to RA disease activity and periodontal status. METHODS: Patients with chronic established RA (N = 78) were periodontally examined and their subgingival plaque samples were collected; their clinical and laboratory data on RA status and medication were obtained from medical records. Bacterial DNA was quantified by universal 16S rDNA qPCR, and Porphyromonas gingivalis by species-specific qPCR. For microbiome assessment, 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was performed. RESULTS: Active RA was diagnosed in 58% of the patients and periodontitis in 82% (mild: 9%, moderate: 55%, severe: 18%). P. gingivalis was present in 14% of the samples. Different levels of gingival bleeding, periodontal probing depth, RA disease status, prednisolone use and smoking were associated with significantly different microbiome compositions. Two subgingival microbial community types were discerned. CONCLUSION: In RA patients with active disease, anti-inflammatory medication as part of RA therapy was associated with better oral health status and a healthier subgingival microbiome compared to that of RA patients in remission, especially those in remission who were current smokers. RA patients in remission with current smoking status may particularly benefit from a systematic periodontal treatment program. The potential role of microbial community types in patient stratification and personalized therapy should be assessed in longitudinal studies.

Experiment 1

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Curated date: 2022/11/02

Curator: Tislam

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Subjects

Location of subjects: Norway

Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled (if applicable): Homo sapiens

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology: Subgingival dental plaque Subgingival plaque,Subgingival dental plaque

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies: Arthritis Remission
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies: Rheumatoid Arthritis
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group: rheumatoid arthritis patient
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group: 28
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group: 60
Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any): 3 months

Lab analysis

Sequencing type: 16S

16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene: V4

Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance: Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Statistical test: LEfSe

Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any): .05
MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?: No
LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool: 2

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness: decreased

Signature 1

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Source: Figure 3, text

Description: (B) Differentially discriminatory OTUs (N = 21) by RA disease activity status, as identified by linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis. Active RA = grey bars; RA remission = black bars.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Rheumatoid Arthritis

NCBI	Links
Corynebacterium
Actinomyces
Veillonella
Streptococcus
Prevotella

Revision editor(s): Tislam

Signature 2

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Curated date: 2022/11/02

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Source: Figure 2, text

Description: (B) Differentially discriminatory OTUs (N = 21) by RA disease activity status, as identified by linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis. Active RA = grey bars; RA remission = black bars.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Rheumatoid Arthritis

NCBI	Links
Atopobium
Clostridiales bacterium
Fusobacterium
Oribacterium
Prevotella
Rikenellaceae
Selenomonas

Revision editor(s): Tislam