Evolution of the Gut Microbiome in HIV-Exposed Uninfected and Unexposed Infants during the First Year of Life

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Mcarlson on 2023-3-28
study design
prospective cohort
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
36073815
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
10.1128/mbio.01229-22
URI
Authors
Jackson CL, Frank DN, Robertson CE, Ir D, Kofonow JM, Montlha MP, Mutsaerts EAML, Nunes MC, Madhi SA, Ghosh D, Weinberg A
Journal
mBio
Year
2022
Keywords:
HIV, HIV-exposed uninfected infants, breast milk microbiome, gut microbiome, human immunodeficiency virus, pregnant women with HIV
HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) have abnormal immunologic functions and increased infectious morbidity in the first 6 months of life, which gradually decreases thereafter. The mechanisms underlying HEU immune dysfunctions are unknown. We hypothesized that unique characteristics of the HEU gut microbiota associated with maternal HIV status may underlie the HEU immunologic dysfunctions. We characterized the infant gut, maternal gut, and breast milk microbiomes of mother-infant pairs, including 123 with HEU and 117 with HIV-uninfected infants (HUU), from South Africa. Pan-bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on (i) infant stool at 6, 28, and 62 weeks; (ii) maternal stool at delivery and 62 weeks; and (iii) breast milk at 6 weeks. Infant gut alpha and beta diversities were similar between groups. Microbial composition significantly differed, including 12 genera, 5 families and 1 phylum at 6 weeks; 12 genera and 2 families at 28 weeks; and 2 genera and 2 families at 62 weeks of life. Maternal gut microbiomes significantly differed in beta diversity and microbial composition, and breast milk microbiomes differed in microbial composition only. Infant gut microbiotas extensively overlapped with maternal gut and minimally with breast milk microbiotas. Nevertheless, exclusively breastfed HEU and HUU had less divergent microbiomes than nonexclusively breastfed infants. Feeding pattern and maternal gut microbiome imprint the HEU gut microbiome. Compared to HUU, the HEU gut microbiome prominently differs in early infancy, including increased abundance of taxa previously observed to be present in excess in adults with HIV. The HEU and HUU gut microbiome compositions converge over time, mirroring the kinetics of HEU infectious morbidity risk. IMPORTANCE HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) are highly vulnerable to infections in the first 6 months of life, and this vulnerability decreases to the age of 24 months. Because the microbiome plays a critical role in the education of the infant immune system, which protects them against infections, we characterized the gut microbiomes of HEU and HIV-unexposed infants (HUU) in the first year of life. The HEU and HUU gut microbiomes showed prominent differences at 6 and 28 weeks of life but converged at 62 weeks of life, mirroring the time course of the HEU excess infectious morbidity and suggesting a potential association between the infant gut microbiome structure and susceptibility to infections. Infant gut microbiotas extensively overlapped with maternal gut and minimally with breast milk microbiotas. Moreover, exclusively breastfed HEU and HUU had less divergent microbiomes at 6 and 28 weeks than nonexclusively breastfed HEU and HUU. The factors that affect the HEU gut microbiome, maternal gut microbiome and exclusive breastfeeding, may be targeted by interventions.

Experiment 1


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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Atrayees on 2023-6-2

Curated date: 2023/03/09

Curator: BLESSING123

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, Mcarlson, BLESSING123, Folakunmi, Joiejoie

Subjects

Location of subjects
South Africa
Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
Homo sapiens
Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
HIV mother to child transmission HIV MTCT,HIV mother to child transmission,hIV mother to child transmission
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
HIV-unexposed infants (HUU) at 6 weeks
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) at 6 weeks
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
6 weeks
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
78
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
76
Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
6 weeks

Lab analysis

Sequencing type
16S
16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
V3-V4
Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
raw counts
Statistical test
DESeq2
Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
0.05
MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
Yes

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
unchanged
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
unchanged
Richness Number of species
unchanged

Signature 1

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Curated date: 2023/03/09

Curator: BLESSING123

Revision editor(s): BLESSING123, WikiWorks

Source: Figure 2d

Description: Genera with significantly different relative abundances between HEU and HUU at 6-weeks.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) at 6 weeks

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Barnesiella   
Blautia   
Eggerthella   
Odoribacter   
Sneathia   
unclassified Bacillota   
unclassified Oscillospiraceae   

Revision editor(s): BLESSING123, WikiWorks

Signature 2

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Curated date: 2023/03/09

Curator: BLESSING123

Revision editor(s): BLESSING123, WikiWorks

Source: Figure 2d

Description: Genera with significantly different relative abundances between HEU and HUU at 6-weeks.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) at 6 weeks

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Candidatus Saccharibacteria genomosp. TM7-H1   
Catenibacterium   
Enterobacter   
Megamonas   
unclassified Bacteroidota   

Revision editor(s): BLESSING123, WikiWorks

Experiment 2


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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Atrayees on 2023-6-2

Curated date: 2023/03/09

Curator: BLESSING123

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, Mcarlson, BLESSING123, Folakunmi, Victoria, Joiejoie

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
HIV-unexposed infants (HUU) at 28 weeks
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) at 28 weeks
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
In utero-HIV exposed uninfected infants (HEU)
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
74
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
71
Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
7 months

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Confounders controlled for Confounding factors that have been accounted for by stratification or model adjustment
antibiotic exposure

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
unchanged
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
unchanged
Richness Number of species
unchanged

Signature 1

EditHistoryDelete
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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Atrayees on 2023-6-2

Curated date: 2023/03/09

Curator: BLESSING123

Revision editor(s): BLESSING123, WikiWorks

Source: Figure 2d

Description: Genera with significantly different relative abundances between HEU and HUU at 28-weeks.

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) at 28 weeks

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Candidatus Epulonipiscium sp.   
Klebsiella   
Lactococcus   
Megamonas   
Parasutterella   
unclassified Eubacteriales   

Revision editor(s): BLESSING123, WikiWorks

Signature 2

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Atrayees on 2023-6-2

Curated date: 2023/03/09

Curator: BLESSING123

Revision editor(s): BLESSING123, WikiWorks

Source: Figure 2d

Description: Genera with significantly different relative abundances between HEU and HUU at 28-weeks.

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) at 28 weeks

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Atopobium   
Gardnerella   
Gemella   
Mobiluncus   
Parvimonas   
Sneathia   

Revision editor(s): BLESSING123, WikiWorks

Experiment 3


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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Atrayees on 2023-6-2

Curated date: 2023/03/09

Curator: BLESSING123

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, Mcarlson, BLESSING123, Folakunmi, Victoria, Joiejoie

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
HIV-unexposed infants (HUU) at 62 weeks
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) at 62 weeks
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) at 6 weeks
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
70
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
61
Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
15 months

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
unchanged
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
unchanged
Richness Number of species
unchanged

Signature 1

EditHistoryDelete
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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Atrayees on 2023-6-2

Curated date: 2023/03/09

Curator: BLESSING123

Revision editor(s): BLESSING123, WikiWorks

Source: Figure 2d

Description: Genera with significantly different relative abundances between HEU and HUU at the indicated time points (FDR P < 0.05). 62 weeks

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) at 62 weeks

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Proteus   
unclassified Coriobacteriaceae   

Revision editor(s): BLESSING123, WikiWorks

Experiment 4


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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Atrayees on 2023-6-2

Curated date: 2023/03/10

Curator: BLESSING123

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, Mcarlson, BLESSING123, Folakunmi, Joiejoie

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Healthy controls at delivery
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
HIV-infected mothers at delivery
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Mothers infected with HIV at delivery time point
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
110
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
119
Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
Not specified

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Matched on Factors on which subjects have been matched on in a case-control study
sex
Confounders controlled for Confounding factors that have been accounted for by stratification or model adjustment
Not specified

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
unchanged
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
unchanged
Richness Number of species
unchanged

Signature 1

EditHistoryDelete
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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Atrayees on 2023-6-2

Curated date: 2023/03/10

Curator: BLESSING123

Revision editor(s): BLESSING123, Folakunmi, WikiWorks

Source: Figure 3F

Description: Genera with significantly different relative abundances between mothers with and without HIV at the indicated time points (FDR P < 0.05). Delivery

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in HIV-infected mothers at delivery

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Acidaminococcus   
Anaerococcus   
Bacteroides   
Bilophila   
Blautia   
Corynebacterium   
Flavonifractor   
Fusobacterium   
Granulicatella   
Klebsiella   
Mycoplasma   
Staphylococcus   
Sutterella   
unclassified Bacilli   
unclassified Burkholderiales   
unclassified Corynebacteriaceae   
unclassified Erysipelotrichaceae   
unclassified Fusobacteriales   
unclassified Lachnospiraceae   
Megamonas   
Parvimonas   
unclassified Peptostreptococcaceae   

Revision editor(s): BLESSING123, Folakunmi, WikiWorks

Signature 2

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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Atrayees on 2023-6-2

Curated date: 2023/03/13

Curator: BLESSING123

Revision editor(s): BLESSING123, WikiWorks

Source: Figure 3F

Description: Genera with significantly different relative abundances between mothers with and without HIV at the indicated time points (FDR P < 0.05). Delivery

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in HIV-infected mothers at delivery

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Asteroleplasma   
Elusimicrobium   
Faecalibacterium   
Haemophilus   
unclassified Clostridiales Family XVII.   

Revision editor(s): BLESSING123, WikiWorks

Experiment 5


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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Atrayees on 2023-6-2

Curated date: 2023/03/10

Curator: BLESSING123

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, Mcarlson, BLESSING123, Folakunmi

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Healthy controls at 62 weeks
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
HIV-infected mothers at 62 weeks
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Mothers infected with HIV at 62 weeks time point
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
65
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
71

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
unchanged
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
unchanged
Richness Number of species
unchanged

Signature 1

EditHistoryDelete
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Your review change was submitted
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-2-9

Curated date: 2023/03/13

Curator: BLESSING123

Revision editor(s): BLESSING123, Folakunmi, WikiWorks

Source: Figure 3F

Description: Genera with significantly different relative abundances between mothers with and without HIV at the indicated time points (FDR P < 0.05). 62 weeks

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in HIV-infected mothers at 62 weeks

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Acidaminococcus   
Anaerostipes   
Blautia   
Collinsella   
Dorea   
Faecalibacterium   
Flavonifractor   
Megamonas   
Parabacteroides   
Subdoligranulum   
Thalassospira   
unclassified Synergistaceae   
Holdemania   

Revision editor(s): BLESSING123, Folakunmi, WikiWorks

Signature 2

EditHistoryDelete
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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-2-9

Curated date: 2023/03/13

Curator: BLESSING123

Revision editor(s): BLESSING123, WikiWorks

Source: Figure 3F

Description: Genera with significantly different relative abundances between mothers with and without HIV at the indicated time points (FDR P < 0.05). 62 weeks

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in HIV-infected mothers at 62 weeks

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Acinetobacter   
Elusimicrobium   
Gemella   
Prevotella   
Staphylococcus   
Veillonella   
unclassified Corynebacteriaceae   
unclassified Veillonellaceae   

Revision editor(s): BLESSING123, WikiWorks

Experiment 6


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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-2-9

Curated date: 2023/03/10

Curator: BLESSING123

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, Mcarlson, BLESSING123, Victoria

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
Milk Mammary gland milk,Milk,milk
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Healthy controls
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
HIV-infected mothers
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Mothers infected with HIV
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
76
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
88

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
unchanged
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
unchanged
Richness Number of species
unchanged

Signature 1

EditHistoryDelete
Flag for review
Your review change was submitted
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-2-9

Curated date: 2023/03/13

Curator: BLESSING123

Revision editor(s): BLESSING123, WikiWorks

Source: Figure 4F

Description: Genera with significantly different abundances in mothers with and without HIV (FDR P < 0.05).

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in HIV-infected mothers

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
unclassified Peptostreptococcaceae   

Revision editor(s): BLESSING123, WikiWorks

Signature 2

EditHistoryDelete
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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-2-9

Curated date: 2023/03/13

Curator: BLESSING123

Revision editor(s): BLESSING123, WikiWorks

Source: Figure 4F

Description: Genera with significantly different abundances in mothers with and without HIV (FDR P < 0.05).

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in HIV-infected mothers

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Anaerococcus   
Arthrobacter   
Atopobium   
Bacillus   
Blastococcus   
Brevibacterium   
Chryseobacterium   
Corynebacterium   
Enterococcus   
Exiguobacterium   
Faecalibacterium   
Finegoldia   
Gardnerella   
Herbaspirillum   
Hymenobacter   
Lactococcus   
Massilia   
Methylobacterium   
Micrococcus   
Microvirga   
Moraxella   
Neisseria   
Nocardioides   
Peptoniphilus   
Prevotella   
Propionibacterium   
Pseudobutyrivibrio   
Pseudonocardia   
Rubellimicrobium   
Rubrobacter   
Staphylococcus   
unclassified Acidimicrobiales   
unclassified Bacillales   
unclassified Carnobacteriaceae   
unclassified Chitinophagaceae   
unclassified Mycobacteriales   
unclassified Enterobacteriaceae   
unclassified Geodermatophilaceae   
unclassified Lachnospiraceae   
unclassified Lactobacillales   
unclassified Microbacteriaceae   
unclassified Micromonosporaceae   
unclassified Neisseriaceae   
unclassified Nocardiaceae   
unclassified Oscillospiraceae   
unclassified Oxalobacteraceae   
unclassified Sphingomonadales   
unclassified Lysobacteraceae   

Revision editor(s): BLESSING123, WikiWorks

Experiment 7


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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-2-9

Curated date: 2024/02/09

Curator: Folakunmi

Revision editor(s): Folakunmi, Joiejoie, WikiWorks

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Exclusively breastfed HIV-unexposed infants (HUU) at 28 weeks
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Exclusively breastfed HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) at 28 weeks
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Exclusively breastfed In utero-HIV exposed uninfected infants (HEU) at 28 weeks
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
40
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
52
Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
7 months

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Matched on Factors on which subjects have been matched on in a case-control study
Not specified
Confounders controlled for Confounding factors that have been accounted for by stratification or model adjustment
antibiotic exposure

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
unchanged
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
unchanged
Richness Number of species
unchanged

Signature 1

EditHistoryDelete
Flag for review
Your review change was submitted
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-2-9

Curated date: 2024/02/09

Curator: Folakunmi

Revision editor(s): Folakunmi, WikiWorks

Source: Figure 2e

Description: Genera with significantly different relative abundances between HEU and HUU exclusively (Excl.) breastfed at 28 weeks of life

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Exclusively breastfed HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) at 28 weeks

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Candidatus Epulonipiscium   

Revision editor(s): Folakunmi, WikiWorks

Signature 2

EditHistoryDelete
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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-2-9

Curated date: 2024/02/09

Curator: Folakunmi

Revision editor(s): Folakunmi, WikiWorks

Source: Figure 2e

Description: Genera with significantly different relative abundances between HEU and HUU exclusively (Excl.) breastfed at 28 weeks of life

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Exclusively breastfed HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) at 28 weeks

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Sneathia   

Revision editor(s): Folakunmi, WikiWorks

Experiment 8


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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-2-9

Curated date: 2024/02/09

Curator: Folakunmi

Revision editor(s): WikiWorks, Joiejoie, Folakunmi

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Not exclusively breastfed HIV-unexposed infants (HUU) at 28 weeks
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Not exclusively breastfed HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) at 28 weeks
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Not exclusively breastfed (formula feeding) In utero-HIV exposed uninfected infants (HEU) at 28 weeks
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
9
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
19

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
unchanged
Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
unchanged
Richness Number of species
unchanged

Signature 1

EditHistoryDelete
Flag for review
Your review change was submitted
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-2-9

Curated date: 2024/02/09

Curator: Folakunmi

Revision editor(s): Folakunmi, WikiWorks

Source: Figure 2e

Description: Genera with significantly different relative abundances between HEU and HUU not exclusively (Excl.) breastfed at 28 weeks of lif

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Not exclusively breastfed HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) at 28 weeks

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Candidatus Epulonipiscium   
unclassified_E01-9C-26unclassified_E01-9C-26
Klebsiella   
Pasteurella   

Revision editor(s): Folakunmi, WikiWorks

Signature 2

EditHistoryDelete
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Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-2-9

Curated date: 2024/02/09

Curator: Folakunmi

Revision editor(s): Folakunmi, WikiWorks

Source: figure 2e

Description: Genera with significantly different relative abundances between HEU and HUU not exclusively (Excl.) breastfed at 28 weeks of life

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Not exclusively breastfed HIV-exposed uninfected infants (HEU) at 28 weeks

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Gardnerella   
Mobiluncus   
Alistipes   
Catenibacterium   
Dialister   
Finegoldia   
Gemella   
Peptococcus   
Peptostreptococcus   
Solobacterium   
Sneathia   

Revision editor(s): Folakunmi, WikiWorks

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