Fecal Dysbiosis and Immune Dysfunction in Chinese Elderly Patients With Schizophrenia: An Observational Study
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Study information
-
Quality control
- Retracted paper
- Contamination issues suspected
- Batch effect issues suspected
- Uncontrolled confounding suspected
- Results are suspect (various reasons)
- Tags applied
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
Authors
Ling Z, Jin G, Yan X, Cheng Y, Shao L, Song Q, Liu X, Zhao L
Journal
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
Year
2022
Keywords:
Faecalibacterium, LEfSe, Schizophrenia, dysbiosis, non-invasive diagnosis
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder with largely unknown etiology and pathogenesis. Mounting preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that the gut microbiome is a vital player in SZ. However, the gut microbiota characteristics and its host response in elderly SZ patients are still not well understood. A total of 161 samples was collected, including 90 samples from elderly SZ patients and 71 samples from healthy controls. We explored the gut microbiota profiles targeting the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene by MiSeq sequencing, and to analyze their associations with host immune response. Our data found that bacterial β-diversity analyses could divide the SZ patients and healthy controls into two different clusters. The Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) identified the compositional changes in SZ-associated bacteria, including Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Actinomyces, Butyricicoccus, Prevotella and so on. In addition, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β were greatly increased in SZ patients while the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ were markedly decreased. Correlation analysis suggested that these bacteria contributed to immune disturbances in the host that could be used as non-invasive biomarkers to distinguish the SZ patients from healthy controls. Moreover, several predicted functional modules, including increased lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, folate biosynthesis, lipoic acid metabolism, and decreased bile acid biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis in SZ-associated microbiota, could be utilized by the bacteria to produce immunomodulatory metabolites. This study, for the first time, demonstrated the structural and functional dysbiosis of the fecal microbiota in Chinese elderly SZ patients, suggesting the potential for using gut key functional bacteria for the early, non-invasive diagnosis of SZ, personalized treatment, and the development of tailor-made probiotics designed for Chinese elderly SZ patients.
Experiment 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Atrayees on 2023-6-5
Subjects
- Location of subjects
- China
- Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
- Homo sapiens
- Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
- Feces Cow dung,Cow pat,Droppings,Dung,Excrement,Excreta,Faeces,Fecal material,Fecal matter,Fewmet,Frass,Guano,Matières fécales@fr,Merde@fr,Ordure,Partie de la merde@fr,Piece of shit,Porción de mierda@es,Portion of dung,Portion of excrement,Portion of faeces,Portion of fecal material,Portion of fecal matter,Portion of feces,Portion of guano,Portion of scat,Portionem cacas,Scat,Spoor,Spraint,Stool,Teil der fäkalien@de,Feces,feces
- Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
- Schizophrenia [X]Schizophrenia, unspecified,[X]Schizophrenia, unspecified (disorder),Dementia Praecox,Disorder, Schizophrenic,Disorders, Schizophrenic,Other specified types of schizophrenia,Other specified types of schizophrenia, chronic state,Other specified types of schizophrenia, chronic state with acute exacerbation,Other specified types of schizophrenia, in remission,Other specified types of schizophrenia, subchronic state,Other specified types of schizophrenia, subchronic state with acute exacerbation,Other specified types of schizophrenia, unspecified state,SCHIZO NEC-CHR/EXACERB,SCHIZO NEC-SUBCHR/EXACER,SCHIZO NOS-CHR/EXACERB,SCHIZO NOS-SUBCHR/EXACER,schizoaffective disorder,schizophrenia,schizophrenia (disease),Schizophrenia (disorder),SCHIZOPHRENIA NEC-CHR,SCHIZOPHRENIA NEC-REMISS,SCHIZOPHRENIA NEC-SUBCHR,SCHIZOPHRENIA NEC-UNSPEC,Schizophrenia NOS,Schizophrenia NOS (disorder),SCHIZOPHRENIA NOS-UNSPEC,schizophrenia with or without an affective disorder,Schizophrenia, NOS,schizophrenia-1,Schizophrenias,SCHIZOPHRENIC DIS,Schizophrenic Disorder,Schizophrenic Disorders,Schizophrenic disorders (disorder),SCZD,Unspecified schizophrenia,Unspecified schizophrenia (disorder),Unspecified schizophrenia, chronic state with acute exacerbation,Unspecified schizophrenia, subchronic state with acute exacerbation,Unspecified schizophrenia, unspecified state,Schizophrenia
- Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
- healthy control
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Elderly Schizophrenia Patients
- Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
- Elderly Schizophrenia Patients
- Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
- 71
- Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
- 90
- Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
- 1 month
Lab analysis
- Sequencing type
- 16S
- 16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
- V3-V4
- Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
- Illumina
Statistical Analysis
- Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
- relative abundances
- Statistical test
- LEfSe
- Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
- 0.05
- MHT correction Have statistical tests be corrected for multiple hypothesis testing (MHT)?
- Yes
- LDA Score above Threshold for the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score for studies using the popular LEfSe tool
- 3
- Matched on Factors on which subjects have been matched on in a case-control study
- age, sex
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- unchanged
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- unchanged
- Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
- unchanged
- Richness Number of species
- unchanged
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Atrayees on 2023-6-5
Source: Figure 2A
Description: Differential LEfSe- associated bacterial taxa between the elderly SZ patients and the healthy controls
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Elderly Schizophrenia Patients
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Atrayees on 2023-6-5
Source: Figure 2A
Description: Differential LEfSe- associated bacterial taxa between the elderly SZ patients and the healthy controls
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Elderly Schizophrenia Patients
Experiment 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Atrayees on 2023-6-5
Differences from previous experiment shown
Subjects
- Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
- Schizophrenia
Lab analysis
Statistical Analysis
- Statistical test
- Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon)
Alpha Diversity
- Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
- decreased
- Chao1 Abundance-based estimator of species richness
- increased
- Simpson Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species evenness
- decreased
Signature 1
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Atrayees on 2023-6-5
Source: Figure 2B
Description: the mean relative abundances of bacterial taxa in SZ patients and healthy control from phylum to genus level
Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Schizophrenia
Revision editor(s): Dupe
Signature 2
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Atrayees on 2023-6-5
Source: Figure 2B
Description: the mean relative abundances of bacterial taxa in SZ patients and healthy control from phylum to genus level
Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Schizophrenia
| NCBI | Quality Control | Links |
|---|---|---|
| Bacillota | ||
| Butyricicoccus | ||
| Coprococcus | ||
| Faecalibacterium | ||
| Fusicatenibacter | ||
| Gemmiger | ||
| Lachnospiraceae | ||
| Pseudomonadota | ||
| Roseburia | ||
| Oscillospiraceae |
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