Salivary microbiome in children with Down syndrome: a case-control study

From BugSigDB
Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-1-10
study design
Citation
PMID PubMed identifier for scientific articles.
DOI Digital object identifier for electronic documents.
Authors
Morishima S, Takeda K, Greenan S, Maki Y
Journal
BMC oral health
Year
2022
Keywords:
Children, Down syndrome, Microbiota, Saliva
BACKGROUND: Down syndrome (DS), a most frequently occurring genetic disorder, is associated with oral morphological abnormalities and higher incidence rates of oral diseases. Recent studies have analyzed the oral microbiome to elucidate their relationships with oral diseases and general health; however, reports on the oral microbiome in individuals with DS are scarce. This study aimed to characterize the oral microbiome in children with DS. METHODS: A total of 54 children aged 1-13 years were enrolled in this case-control study. Of these children, 27 had DS (Case: DS group) and 27 were age-matched healthy children (Control: ND group). Saliva in the oral cavity was collected with a swab, cultured, and tested for cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detection, and the salivary microbiome was analyzed using next-generation sequencing. The student's t-test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, and permutational multivariate analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Results of culture and qPCR detection tests for cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria showed no significant differences in the detected bacteria between the DS and ND groups, with the exception of a significantly higher detection rate of Candida albicans in children with DS with mixed dentition. A comparison of the salivary microbiomes by 16S sequencing showed no significant difference in α diversity; however, it showed a significant difference in β diversity. Children with DS had a higher relative abundance of Corynebacterium and Cardiobacterium, and lower relative abundance of TM7. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided basic data on the salivary microbiome of children with DS and showed the microbiological markers peculiar to children with DS. However, further research to identify the relationship with oral diseases is warranted.

Experiment 1


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-1-10

Curated date: 2023/08/16

Curator: Andre

Revision editor(s): Andre, Peace Sandy

Subjects

Location of subjects
Japan
Host species Species from which microbiome was sampled. Contact us to have more species added.
Homo sapiens
Body site Anatomical site where microbial samples were extracted from according to the Uber Anatomy Ontology
Oral cavity Bucca,Buccal cavity,Cavity of mouth,Oral cavity,oral cavity
Condition The experimental condition / phenotype studied according to the Experimental Factor Ontology
Down syndrome Complete trisomy 21 syndrome,complete trisomy 21 syndrome,Complete trisomy 21 syndrome (disorder),Down syndrome,Down syndrome chromosome region,Down syndrome critical region,Down Syndrome, Partial Trisomy 21,DOWN'S SYNDROME,Down's syndrome,Down's syndrome - trisomy 21,Down's syndrome NOS,Down's syndrome NOS (disorder),Downs Syndrome,Downs syndrome,G Trisomy,G trisomy,leukemia, megakaryoblastic, of Down syndrome,Mongolism,Partial Trisomy 21 Down Syndrome,Syndrome, Down,Syndrome, Down's,T21 - Trisomy 21,transient myeloproliferative disorder of Down syndrome,Trisomy 21,trisomy 21,trisomy 21 (Down syndrome),Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)Downs SyndromeTrisomy 21 Syndrome,Trisomy 21 NOS,trisomy 21 syndrome,Trisomy 21, Meiotic Nondisjunction,Trisomy 21, Mitotic Nondisjunction,down syndrome
Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Controls children with primary dentition (PD)
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Down Syndrome children with primary dentition (PD)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Children with Down Syndrome and in the primary dentition stage (from 0.5 years to around 6 years old)
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
12
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
12
Antibiotics exclusion Number of days without antibiotics usage (if applicable) and other antibiotics-related criteria used to exclude participants (if any)
7 days

Lab analysis

Sequencing type
16S
16S variable region One or more hypervariable region(s) of the bacterial 16S gene
V1-V2
Sequencing platform Manufacturer and experimental platform used for quantifying microbial abundance
Illumina

Statistical Analysis

Data transformation Data transformation applied to microbial abundance measurements prior to differential abundance testing (if any).
relative abundances
Statistical test
Mann-Whitney (Wilcoxon)
Significance threshold p-value or FDR threshold used for differential abundance testing (if any)
0.05
Matched on Factors on which subjects have been matched on in a case-control study
age

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
unchanged

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-1-10

Curated date: 2023/08/16

Curator: Andre

Revision editor(s): Andre

Source: Figure 4

Description: Species-level of salivary microbiomes between children with DS and ND (PD stage)

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Down Syndrome children with primary dentition (PD)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Gemella haemolysans
Neisseria elongata
Rothia aeria
Rothia dentocariosa
Neisseria sicca

Revision editor(s): Andre

Signature 2

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-1-10

Curated date: 2023/08/16

Curator: Andre

Revision editor(s): Andre

Source: Figure 4

Description: Species-level of salivary microbiomes between children with DS and ND (PD stage)

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Down Syndrome children with primary dentition (PD)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Haemophilus sputorum
Actinomyces sp.
Streptococcus australis
Streptococcus oralis
Streptococcus infantis
Streptococcus sp. oral strain T1-E5
Streptococcus genomosp. C5
Fusobacterium periodonticum 1_1_41FAA

Revision editor(s): Andre

Experiment 2


Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-1-10

Curated date: 2023/08/16

Curator: Andre

Revision editor(s): Andre, Folakunmi

Differences from previous experiment shown

Subjects

Group 0 name Corresponds to the control (unexposed) group for case-control studies
Controls children with mixed dentition (PD)
Group 1 name Corresponds to the case (exposed) group for case-control studies
Down Syndrome children with mixed dentition (PD)
Group 1 definition Diagnostic criteria applied to define the specific condition / phenotype represented in the case (exposed) group
Children with Down Syndrome and in the mixed dentition stage (from 6 years to around 12 years old)
Group 0 sample size Number of subjects in the control (unexposed) group
15
Group 1 sample size Number of subjects in the case (exposed) group
15

Lab analysis

Statistical Analysis

Alpha Diversity

Shannon Estimator of species richness and species evenness: more weight on species richness
unchanged

Signature 1

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-1-10

Curated date: 2023/08/16

Curator: Andre

Revision editor(s): Andre

Source: Figure 5

Description: Species level of salivary microbiomes between children with DS and ND (MD stage)

Abundance in Group 1: increased abundance in Down Syndrome children with mixed dentition (PD)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Gemella haemolysans
Abiotrophia defectiva
Streptococcus sanguinis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus cristatus
Rothia aeria
Lautropia mirabilis
Corynebacterium durum
Rothia dentocariosa
Actinomyces naeslundii
Neisseria elongata
Actinomyces oris
Leptotrichia sp.
Actinomyces viscosus
Aggregatibacter segnis

Revision editor(s): Andre

Signature 2

Reviewed Marked as Reviewed by Folakunmi on 2024-1-10

Curated date: 2023/08/16

Curator: Andre

Revision editor(s): Andre

Source: Figure 5

Description: Species-level of salivary microbiomes between children with DS and ND (MD stage)

Abundance in Group 1: decreased abundance in Down Syndrome children with mixed dentition (PD)

NCBI Quality ControlLinks
Actinomyces sp. oral strain Hal-1065
Prevotella sp. oral taxon 306
TM7 phylum sp. oral taxon 352
Solobacterium moorei
Prevotella sp. oral clone IK062
Prevotella pallens
Actinomyces sp. ICM47
Prevotella histicola
Hoylesella nanceiensis DSM 19126 = JCM 15639
Actinomyces sp.
Schaalia meyeri
Actinomyces sp. ICM39
Actinomyces graevenitzii
Veillonella sp. oral taxon 158
Gemella sanguinis
Prevotella sp. CD3:34
Streptococcus salivarius

Revision editor(s): Andre